Angular frequency

rate of change of the phase angle

In physics, angular frequency, ω, (also called the angular speed, radial frequency, and radian frequency) is a measure of rotation rate. A high rate of angular frequency means something is turning very fast. The angular frequency is the magnitude of the vector quantity angular velocity which is also known as angular frequency vector .

Angular frequency is a measure of how fast an object is rotating. The in the diagram should be .

It is useful in many areas of maths and science as it allows understanding of many properties of physical objects in our world. In SI units, angular frequency is measured in radians per second, with dimensions t−1 since radians are dimensionless.

Theory change

Angular frequency is often given in radians per second ( ) as it is easier to work with. In this way, the angular frequency is given by,

  

where   is the time (period) of a single rotation (revolution) and   is the frequency. This can be derived by considering   when   and  .

If a wheel turns by an angle   in a time   then the angular frequency at any moment is given by,

    

If the rotation speed is constant, this becomes,

  

and so it is similar to a speed.

For objects which are going in circles, the angular frequency may also be given as (in radians),

  

where   is the speed and   is the distance from the center of the circle.

This can be derived by considering   where   is the distance along the arc.

Thus

   

where   is the velocity.

Examples change

The angular frequency is important in determining whether an object can stay above the ground against gravity, or whether a spinning top can stay standing. It also is important in creating the frequency of mains electricity supplies and reducing the heat due to friction in engines.

Satellites change

Objects are pulled towards the earth because of gravity. To oppose this, a satellite must go fast enough it misses the ground. For the forces to equal each other,

 

where   is the mass of the larger body and   is the Gravitational constant. To make a circle, the angular frequency must be equal to,

 

which leads to one of Johannes Kepler's Laws.

Mains Supplies change

Generators in power stations rotate at some frequency. The speed at which these turn gives us the frequency that our electricity supplies are at. These can be slowed by large brakes or big heavy wheels which stop the generators from turning too quickly.

Units change

Measurements change

Name Symbol Definition
Radians per second  
Revolutions per minute    
Frequency per second    
Degrees per second    

Related pages change