Global 200
List of 238 ecoregions identified by the WWF as priorities for conservation
The Global 200 is the list of ecoregions identified by the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) as priorities for conservation. According to the WWF, an ecoregion is defined as a "relatively large unit of land or water containing a characteristic set of natural communities that share a large majority of their species, dynamics, and environmental conditions (Dinerstein et al. 1995, TNC 1997)."
The WWF assigns a conservation status to each ecoregion in the Global 200: critical or endangered; vulnerable; and relatively stable or intact. Over half of the ecoregions in the Global 200 are rated endangered.
Global 200: Terrestrial change
Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests change
Afrotropic change
- Guinean moist forests
- Congolian coastal forests
- Cameroon Highlands forests
- Northeastern Congolian lowland forests
- Central Congolian lowland forests
- Western Congolian moist forests
- Albertine Rift montane forests
- East African Coastal Forests
- Eastern African montane forests
- Madagascar lowlands and subhumid forests
- Seychelles and Mascarene Islands moist forests
Australasia change
- Sulawesi moist forests
- Moluccas moist forests
- Southern New Guinea lowland forests
- New Guinea montane forests
- Solomons-Vanuatu-Bismarck moist forests
- Queensland tropical rain forests
- New Caledonia moist forests
- Lord Howe-Norfolk Islands forests
Indomalaya change
- South Western Ghats montane rain forests and moist deciduous forests
- Sri Lanka moist forests
- Northern Indochina Subtropical moist forests
- Southeast China-Hainan moist forests
- Taiwan montane forests
- Annamite Range moist forests
- Sumatran Islands lowland and montane forests
- Philippines moist forests
- Palawan moist forests
- Kayah-Karen/Tenasserim moist forests
- Peninsular Malaysian lowland and montane forests
- Borneo lowland and montane forests
- Nansei Shoto Archipelago forests
- Eastern Deccan Plateau moist forests
- Naga-Manipuri-Chin hills moist forests
- Cardamom Mountains moist forests
- Western Java montane forests
Neotropic change
- Greater Antillean moist forests
- Talamancan-Isthmian Pacific forests
- Choco-Darien moist forests
- Northern Andean montane forests
- Coastal Venezuela montane forests
- Guianan moist forests
- Napo moist forests
- Rio Negro-Jurua moist forests
- Guayana Highlands moist forests
- Central Andean yungas
- Southwestern Amazonian moist forests
- Atlantic forests
Oceania change
Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests change
Afrotropic change
Australasia change
Indomalaya change
Neotropic change
- Mexican dry forests
- Tumbesian-Andean valleys dry forests
- Chiquitano dry forests
- Atlantic dry forests
Oceania change
Tropical and subtropical coniferous forests change
Nearctic change
Neotropic change
Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests change
Australasia change
Indomalaya change
Nearctic change
Palearctic change
Temperate coniferous forests change
Nearctic change
- Pacific temperate rain forests
- Klamath-Siskiyou forests
- Sierra Nevada forests
- Southeastern coniferous and broadleaf forests
Neotropic change
Palearctic change
- European-Mediterranean montane mixed forests
- Caucasus-Anatolian-Hycanian temperate forests
- Altai-Sayan montane forests
- Hengduan Shan coniferous forests
Boreal forests/taiga change
Nearctic change
Palearctic change
Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands change
Afrotropic change
- Horn of Africa acacia savannas
- East African acacia savannas
- Central and Eastern miombo woodlands
- Sudanian savannas
Australasia change
Indomalaya change
Neotropic change
- Llanos savannas
- Cerrado woodlands and savannas
Temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands change
Nearctic change
Neotropic change
- Patagonian steppe
Palearctic change
Flooded grasslands and savannas change
Afrotropic change
Indomalaya change
- Rann of Kutch flooded grasslands
Neotropic change
- Everglades flooded grasslands
- Pantanal flooded savannas
Montane grasslands and shrublands change
Afrotropic change
- Ethiopian Highlands
- Southern Rift montane woodlands
- East African moorlands
- Drakenberg montane shrublands and woodlands
Australasia change
Indomalaya change
Neotropic change
Palearctic change
Tundra change
Nearctic change
Palearctic change
Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and shrub change
Afrotropic change
Australasia change
Nearctic change
Neotropic change
Palearctic change
Deserts and xeric shrublands change
Afrotropic change
- Namib-Karoo-kaokoveld deserts
- Madagascar spiny thicket
- Socotra Island desert
- Arabian Highland woodlands and shrublands
Australasia change
Nearctic change
- Sonoran-Baja deserts
- Chihuahuan-Tehuacan deserts
Neotropic change
- Galapagos Islands scrub
- Atacama-Sechura deserts
Palearctic change
Mangroves change
Afrotropic change
Australasia change
Indomalaya change
Neotropic change
Global 200: Freshwater ecoregions change
Large rivers change
Afrotropic change
- Congo River and flooded forests (Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, Republic of Congo)
Indomalaya change
- Mekong River (Cambodia, China, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam)
Nearctic change
- Colorado River (Mexico, United States)
- Lower Mississippi River (United States)
Neotropic change
- Amazon River and flooded forests (Brazil, Colombia, Peru)
- Orinoco River and flooded forests (Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela)
Palearctic change
- Yangtze River and lakes (China)
Large river headwaters change
Afrotropic change
- Congo basin piedmont rivers and streams (Angola, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, Gabon, Republic of Congo, Sudan)
Nearctic change
- Mississippi piedmont rivers and streams (United States)
Neotropic change
- Upper Amazon rivers and streams (Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana (France), Guyana, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela)
- Upper Paraná rivers and streams (Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay)
- Brazilian Shield Amazonian rivers and streams (Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay)
Large river deltas change
Afrotropic change
Indomalaya change
- Indus River Delta (India, Pakistan)
Palearctic change
- Volga River Delta (Kazakhstan, Russia)
- Mesopotamian delta and marshes (Iran, Iraq, Kuwait)
- Danube River delta (Bulgaria, Moldova, Romania, Ukraine, Yugoslavia)
- Lena River delta (Russia)
Small rivers change
Afrotropic change
- Upper Guinea rivers and streams (Côte d'Ivoire, Guinea, Liberia, Sierra Leone)
- Madagascar freshwater (Madagascar)
- Gulf of Guinea rivers and streams (Angola, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Nigeria, Republic of Congo)
- Cape rivers and streams (South Africa)
Australasia change
- New Guinea rivers and streams (Indonesia, Papua New Guinea)
- New Caledonia rivers and streams (New Caledonia)
- Kimberley rivers and streams (Australia)
- Southwest Australia rivers and streams (Australia)
- Eastern Australia rivers and streams (Australia)
Indomalaya change
- Xi Jiang rivers and streams (China, Vietnam)
- Western Ghats Rivers and Streams (India)
- Southwestern Sri Lanka rivers and streams (Sri Lanka)
- Salween River (China, Myanmar, Thailand)
- Sundaland rivers and swamps (Brunei, Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore)
Nearctic change
- Southeastern rivers and streams (United States)
- Pacific Northwest coastal rivers and streams (United States)
- Gulf of Alaska coastal rivers and streams (Canada, United States)
Neotropic change
- Guianan freshwater (Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela)
- Greater Antillean freshwater (Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Puerto Rico)
Palearctic change
- Balkan rivers and streams (Albania, Bosnia and Herzogovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, Macedonia, Turkey, Yugoslavia)
- Russian Far East rivers and wetlands (China, Mongolia, Russia)
Large lakes change
Afrotropic change
- Rift Valley lakes (Burundi, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia)
Neotropic change
- High Andean lakes (Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Peru)
Palearctic change
- Lake Baikal (Russia)
- Lake Biwa (Japan)
Small lakes change
Afrotropic change
- Cameroon crater lakes (Cameroon)
Australasia change
- Lakes Kutubu and Sentani (Indonesia, Papua New Guinea)
- Central Sulawesi lakes (Indonesia)
Indomalaya change
Neotropic change
- Mexican highland lakes (Mexico)
Xeric basins change
Australasia change
- Central Australian freshwater (Australia)
Nearctic change
- Chihuahuan freshwater (Mexico, United States)
Palearctic change
- Anatolian freshwater (Syria, Turkey)
Global 200 Marine ecoregions change
Polar change
Antarctic Ocean change
Arctic Ocean change
- Bering Sea (Canada, Russia, United States)
- Barents-Kara Sea (Norway, Russia)
Temperate shelfs and seas change
Mediterranean change
- Mediterranean Sea (Albania, Algeria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Cyprus, Egypt, France, Greece, Israel, Italy, Lebanon, Libya, Malta, Monaco, Morocco, Serbia & Montenegro, Slovenia, Spain, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey)
North Temperate Atlantic change
- Northeast Atlantic Shelf Marine (Belgium, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Russia, Sweden, United Kingdom)
- Grand Banks (Canada, St. Pierre and Miquelon (France), United States)
- Chesapeake Bay (United States)
North Temperate Indo-Pacific change
- Yellow Sea (China, North Korea, South Korea)
- Sea of Okhotsk (Japan, Russia)
Southern Ocean change
- Patagonian Southwest Atlantic (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Uruguay)
- Southern Australian Marine (Australia)
- New Zealand Marine (New Zealand)
Temperate upwelling change
North Temperate Indo-Pacific change
- California Current (Canada, Mexico, United States)
South Temperate Atlantic change
- Benguela Current (Namibia, South Africa)
South Temperate Indo-Pacific change
- Humboldt Current (Chile, Ecuador, Peru)
- Agulhas Current (Mozambique, South Africa)
Tropical upwelling change
Central Indo-Pacific change
- Western Australian Marine (Australia)
Eastern Indo-Pacific change
- Panama Bight (Colombia, Ecuador, Panama)
- Gulf of California (Mexico)
- Galápagos Marine (Ecuador)
Eastern Tropical Atlantic change
- Canary Current (Canary Islands, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Mauritania, Morocco, Senegal, Western Sahara)
Tropical coral change
Central Indo-Pacific change
- Nansei Shoto (Japan)
- Sulu-Sulawesi Seas (Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines)
- Bismarck-Solomon Seas (Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands)
- Banda-Flores Sea (Indonesia)
- New Caledonia Barrier Reef (New Caledonia)
- Great Barrier Reef (Australia)
- Lord Howe-Norfolk Islands Marine (Australia)
- Palau Marine (Palau)
- Andaman Sea (Andaman and Nicobar Islands (India), Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand)
Eastern Indo-Pacific change
- Tahitian Marine (Cook Islands, French Polynesia)
- Hawaiian Marine (Hawaii)
- Rapa Nui (Easter Island)
- Fiji Barrier Reef (Fiji)
Western Indo-Pacific change
- Maldives, Chagos, and Lakshadweep atolls (Chagos Archipelago (United Kingdom), India, Maldives, Sri Lanka)
- Red Sea (Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Israel, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Yemen)
- Arabian Sea (Djibouti, Iran, Oman, Pakistan, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, United Arab Emirates, Yemen)
- East African Marine (Kenya, Mozambique, Somalia, Tanzania)
- West Madagascar Marine (Comoros, Madagascar, Mayotte and Iles Glorieuses (France), Seychelles)
Western Tropical Atlantic change
- Mesoamerican Reef (Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico)
- Greater Antillean Marine (Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Turks and Caicos Islands, United States)
- Southern Caribbean Sea (Aruba, Columbia, Netherlands Antilles, Panama, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela)
- Northeast Brazil Shelf Marine (Brazil)