Solitary confinement
Solitary confinement is a punishment or special form of imprisonment. A prisoner is not allowed contact with anyone, except the prison staff. It may be a kind of psychological torture.[1] It is also used to protect one prisoner from other inmates in the prison.
Solitary confinement has many other names. In American English it is also called the 'hole', 'lockdown', the 'SHU' (pronounced 'shoe') or the 'pound'. In British English people say 'block' or 'the cooler'.[2][3]
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People who think solitary confinement is necessary give several reasons. Some prisoners are considered dangerous to other people in the prison.[4] Other prisoners might be able to lead crime groups even from inside jail. Also, solitary confinement can be used to stop prisoners from communicating with others because of possible fears about national security. Finally, it may be used for prisoners who are at high risk of being attacked by other inmates, such as pedophiles, celebrities, or witnesses who are in prison themselves. This form of solitary confinement is sometimes called protective custody.
In the US Federal Prison system, solitary confinement is known as the Special Housing Unit (SHU),[5] pronounced /ˈʃuː/. California's prison system also uses the abbreviation SHU, but it stands for Security Housing Units.[6] In other states, it is known as the Special Management Unit (SMU), pronounced /ˈsmuː/.
Opponents of solitary confinement claim that it is cruel and unusual punishment[7] and torture.[8] Taking away social contact, and the sensory input is usually part of solitary confinement and can have a powerful negative effect on a prisoner's mind.[4] This may lead to mental illnesses such as depression and even death since humans are social animals.[9][10]
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- ↑ Gawande, Atul (2009-01-07). "Is long-term solitary confinement torture?". The New Yorker. Retrieved 2010-04-16.
- ↑ Published: 4:25PM BST 17 Jun 2009 (2009-06-17). "Army captain was real life 'Cooler King' from The Great Escape". Telegraph. Archived from the original on 2010-03-23. Retrieved 2010-04-16.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ↑ "UK | Wales | North West Wales | Cooler King recalls Great Escape". BBC News. 2004-03-16. Retrieved 2010-04-16.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Solitary Confinement Torture In The US Archived 2010-06-28 at the Wayback Machine - Kerness, Bonnie; National Coordinator of the 'National Campaign to Stop Control Unit Prisons', 1998
- ↑ Institution Supplement - Visiting Regulations, USP McCreary Archived 2010-12-03 at the Wayback Machine (from the Bureau of Prisons, US Department of Justice website. Accessed 2008 May 1.)
- ↑ Visitors, State Prison, Corcoran (CSP-COR) Archived 2009-08-06 at the Wayback Machine (from the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation website. Accessed 2008 May 1.)
- ↑ Trend toward solitary confinement worries experts - Tyre, Peg; US News, 1998 9 January
- ↑ "Survivors of Solitary Confinement". Making Contact. Season 12. Episode 22. 2009-06-03. Direct link to audio file Archived 2020-10-27 at the Wayback Machine.
- ↑ "Understanding the Effects of Social Isolation on Mental Health". publichealth.tulane.edu. Retrieved 2021-05-08.
- ↑ "Loneliness and Social Isolation Linked to Serious Health Conditions". www.cdc.gov. 2021-04-30. Retrieved 2021-05-08.