Time Person of the Year

man, woman or idea that "most influenced events in the preceding year" chosen by Time magazine

Person of the Year is a special issue of the American magazine Time. It has been published each year since 1927. Until 1999, it was called "Man of the Year."[1]

Charles Lindberg on the cover of the first Time Man of the Year issue.

The "Person of the Year" is not always a person. It can be a person, group, idea, or thing that "for better or for worse...has done the most to influence the events of the year".[2] This means that being chosen is not an award, like being chosen as the "best person of the year." The Person of the Year may be an enemy of the United States, like Adolf Hitler (1938) or Joseph Stalin (1939 and 1942).[3] Every year, Time chooses the person who they think has had the most effect on the things that have happened in that year (whether those things were good or bad).[4]

The first Person of the Year was aviator Charles Lindbergh, in 1927. Since then, Persons of the Year have included groups, whole generations, important objects, and even the Earth. Since the list began, every serving President of the United States has been a Person of the Year at least once, except for Calvin Coolidge, Herbert Hoover, and Gerald Ford. Franklin D. Roosevelt is the only person to have been named Person of the Year three times.

The December 31, 1999 issue of Time named Albert Einstein the "Person of the Century". Franklin D. Roosevelt and Mahatma Gandhi were chosen as runners-up.[5]

Persons of the Year change

Year Image Choice Lifetime Notes Runners-up
1927   Charles Lindbergh 1902–1974 Lindbergh completed the first solo transatlantic flight in May 1927 by piloting his monoplane Spirit of St. Louis from Garden City, New York to Paris, France.
1928   Walter Chrysler 1875–1940 In 1928, Chrysler oversaw a merger of his Chrysler Corporation with Dodge before beginning work on the Chrysler Building.
1929   Owen D. Young 1874–1962 Young chaired a committee which authored 1929's Young Plan, a program for settlement of German reparations after World War I.
1930   Mahatma Gandhi 1869–1948 Gandhi was the leader of the India's independence movement. In 1930, he led the Salt Satyagraha, a 240-mile march to protest the imposition of taxes on salt by the British Raj.
1931   Pierre Laval 1883–1945 Laval was first appointed Prime Minister of France in 1931. Laval was popular in the American press at the time for opposing the Hoover Moratorium, a temporary freeze on World War I debt payments that was disliked in both France and the US.[6]
1932   Franklin D. Roosevelt 1882–1945 Roosevelt won the 1932 US Presidential election by a landslide, defeating the incumbent, Herbert Hoover.
1933   Hugh S. Johnson 1882–1942 In 1933 Johnson was appointed director of the National Recovery Administration. US President Franklin D. Roosevelt gave him the task of bringing industry, labor and government together to create codes of "fair practices" and set prices.
1934   Franklin D. Roosevelt (2) 1882–1945 Roosevelt was President of the United States from 1933 to 1945. In 1934, Roosevelt's New Deal reforms were beginning to bear fruit.
1935   Haile Selassie I 1892–1975 Selassie was Emperor of Ethiopia in 1935, when Italian forces invaded Ethiopia, starting the Second Italo-Abyssinian War.
1936 Wallis Simpson 1896–1986 In 1936, Simpson's relationship with King Edward VIII of the United Kingdom, led the king to abdicate his throne in order to marry her.
1937   Chiang Kai-shek 1887–1975 Chiang was Premier of the Republic of China at the outbreak of the Second Sino-Japanese War in 1937.
  Soong Mei-ling 1898–2003 Soong was wife of Chiang Kai-shek from 1927 until his death in 1975. Addressed as Madame Chiang Kai-Shek by the magazine, she was recognized together with her husband as "Man & Wife of the Year".[7]
1938   Adolf Hitler 1889–1945 As Chancellor of Germany, Hitler oversaw the unification of Germany with Austria and the Sudetenland in 1938, after the Anschluss and Munich Agreement respectively. Instead of a conventional portrait, the cover was an illustration by Rudolph von Ripper entitled 'From the unholy organist, a hymn of hate'.[8]
1939   Joseph Stalin 1878–1953 In 1939, Stalin was General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and de facto leader of the Soviet Union. He oversaw the signing of a non-aggression pact with Nazi Germany before invading eastern Poland.
1940   Winston Churchill 1874–1965 Churchill was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom during the 1940 Dunkirk evacuation and the Battle of Britain.
1941   Franklin D. Roosevelt (3) 1882–1945 Roosevelt was President of the United States in 1941 during the attack on Pearl Harbor, declaration of war against Japan and resulting entry of the United States into World War II. The editors had already chosen Dumbo as their "Mammal of the Year" before the Pearl Harbor attack, but quickly changed it to Roosevelt.[9]
1942   Joseph Stalin (2) 1878–1953 By 1942, Stalin was General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and Premier of the Soviet Union, overseeing the Battle of Stalingrad (1942–1943).
1943   George C. Marshall 1880–1959 As United States Army Chief of Staff in 1943, General Marshall was instrumental in organizing US actions in World War II.
1944   Dwight D. Eisenhower 1890–1969 General Eisenhower was Supreme Allied Commander in Europe during 1944's Operation Overlord.
1945   Harry S. Truman 1884–1972 Truman became President of the United States after the death of Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1945, authorizing the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
1946   James F. Byrnes 1879–1972 In 1946, Byrnes was United States Secretary of State during the Iran crisis of 1946, taking an increasingly hardline position in opposition to Stalin. His speech, "Restatement of Policy on Germany", set the tone of future US policy, repudiating the Morgenthau Plan economic policies and giving Germans hope for the future.
1947   George C. Marshall (2) 1880–1959 Appointed United States Secretary of State in 1947, Marshall was the architect of the Marshall Plan.
1948   Harry S. Truman (2) 1884–1972 Truman was elected in his own right as President of the United States in 1948, which is considered to be one of the greatest election upsets in American history.[10][11][12]
1949   Winston Churchill (2) 1874–1965 Proclaimed as the "Man of the half-century", Churchill had led Britain and the Allies to victory in WWII. In 1949, Churchill was Leader of the Opposition.
1950   The American fighting-man Representing U.S. troops involved in the Korean War (1950–1953).
1951   Mohammad Mossadegh 1882–1967 In 1951, Mossadegh was appointed Prime Minister of Iran and expelled western oil companies, starting the Abadan Crisis.
1952   Elizabeth II 1926–2022 In 1952, Elizabeth acceded to the throne of the United Kingdom and the other Commonwealth realms upon the death of her father, King George VI
1953   Konrad Adenauer 1876–1967 In 1953, Adenauer was re-elected as Chancellor of West Germany.
1954   John Foster Dulles 1888–1959 As United States Secretary of State in 1954, Dulles was architect of the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization.
1955   Harlow Curtice 1893–1962 Curtice was President of General Motors (GM) from 1953 to 1958. In 1955, GM sold five million vehicles and became the first corporation to earn US$1 billion in a single year.[13]
1956   The Hungarian freedom fighter Representing Hungarian revolutionaries involved in the failed 1956 uprising.
1957   Nikita Khrushchev 1894–1971 In 1957, Khrushchev consolidated his leadership of the Soviet Union, surviving a plot to dismiss him by members of the Presidium, and leading the Soviet Union into the Space Race with the launch of Sputnik 1.
1958   Charles de Gaulle 1890–1970 De Gaulle was appointed Prime Minister of France in May 1958 and, following the collapse of the Fourth Republic and establishment of the Fifth Republic, was then elected President of France in December.
1959   Dwight D. Eisenhower (2) 1890–1969 Eisenhower was President of the United States from 1953 to 1961.
1960   U.S. Scientists Represented by George Beadle, Charles Draper, John Enders, Donald A. Glaser, Joshua Lederberg, Willard Libby, Linus Pauling, Edward Purcell, Isidor Rabi, Emilio Segrè, William Shockley, Edward Teller, Charles Townes, James Van Allen, and Robert Woodward.
1961   John F. Kennedy 1917–1963 Kennedy was inaugurated as President of the United States in 1961, ordering the failed invasion of Cuba by U.S.-trained Cuban exiles.
1962   John XXIII 1881–1963 Pope of the Roman Catholic Church from 1958 to 1963. In 1962, he volunteered as a mediator in the Cuban Missile Crisis, gaining praise from both sides. He also initiated the Second Vatican Council that same year.
1963   Martin Luther King Jr. 1929–1968 A leader of the Civil Rights Movement, King delivered his famous "I Have a Dream" speech in 1963.
1964   Lyndon B. Johnson 1908–1973 Johnson was elected in his own right as President of the United States in 1964, before securing the passage of the Civil Rights Act, declaring a War on Poverty and escalating U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War.
1965   William Westmoreland 1914–2005 General Westmoreland was commander of U.S. forces in South Vietnam during the Vietnam War.
1966   The Inheritor Representing a generation of American men and women, aged 25 and under.
1967   Lyndon B. Johnson (2) 1908–1973 Johnson was President of the United States from 1963 to 1969.
1968   The Apollo 8 astronauts Born in 1933, 1928 and 1928 In 1968, the crew of Apollo 8 (William Anders, Frank Borman and Jim Lovell) became the first humans to travel beyond low Earth orbit, orbiting the Moon and paving the way for the first manned Moon landings in 1969.
1969   The Middle Americans Also referred to as the silent majority.[14]
1970   Willy Brandt 1913–1992 As Chancellor of West Germany, Brandt was acknowledged for "seeking to bring about a fresh relationship between East and West" through his "bold approach to the Soviet Union and the East Bloc".[15]
1971   Richard Nixon 1913–1994 Nixon was President of the United States from 1969 to 1974.
1972   Richard Nixon (2) 1913–1994 As President of the United States, Nixon visited China in 1972, the first U.S. President to do so. Nixon later secured the SALT I pact with the Soviet Union before being re-elected in one of the largest landslide election victories in American history.
  Henry Kissinger Born in 1923 Kissinger, as Nixon's National Security Advisor, traveled with the President to China in 1972.
1973   John Sirica 1904–1992 In 1973, as Chief Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Columbia, Sirica ordered President Nixon to turn over Watergate-related recordings of White House conversations.
1974   Faisal 1906–1975 Faisal, King of Saudi Arabia, was acknowledged in the wake of the oil crisis of 1973–1974, caused by Saudi Arabia withdrawing its oil from world markets in protest at Western support for Israel during the Yom Kippur War.
1975   American women Represented by Susan Brownmiller, Kathleen Byerly, Alison Cheek, Jill Conway, Betty Ford, Ella Grasso, Carla Hills, Barbara Jordan, Billie Jean King, Carol Sutton, Susie Sharp, and Addie Wyatt.
1976   Jimmy Carter Born in 1924 In 1976, Carter was elected President of the United States, defeating incumbent President Gerald Ford.
1977   Anwar Sadat 1918–1981 Sadat, as President of Egypt, traveled to Israel in 1977—the first Arab leader to do so—to discuss normalization of Egypt-Israel relations.
1978   Deng Xiaoping 1904–1997 China's Vice Premier. Deng overthrew Hua Guofeng to assume de facto control over China in 1978, as Paramount Leader.
1979   Ruhollah Khomeini 1902–1989 Khomeini led the 1979 Iranian Revolution, establishing himself as Supreme Leader.
1980   Ronald Reagan 1911–2004 Reagan was elected President of the United States in 1980, defeating incumbent President Jimmy Carter.
1981   Lech Wałęsa Born in 1943 Leader of the Polish Solidarity trade union and architect of the Gdańsk Agreement until his arrest and the imposition of martial law in December 1981.
1982   The Computer Denoted "Machine of the Year" to herald the dawn of the Information Age.
1983   Ronald Reagan (2) 1911–2004 In 1983, as President of the United States, Reagan ordered the invasion of Grenada and championed the Strategic Defense Initiative.
Yuri Andropov 1914–1984 Andropov, as General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, was a strong critic of the Strategic Defense Initiative. Andropov was hospitalized in August 1983 and subsequently died in 1984.
1984   Peter Ueberroth Born in 1937 Ueberroth orchestrated the organization of the 1984 Summer Olympics, which involved a Soviet-led boycott.
1985   Deng Xiaoping (2) 1904–1997 As Paramount Leader of China, Deng was acknowledged for "sweeping economic reforms that have challenged Marxist orthodoxies".[16]
1986   Corazon Aquino 1933–2009 Aquino was a prominent figure in 1986's People Power Revolution, being elected President of the Philippines.
1987   Mikhail Gorbachev Born in 1931 As General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and leader of the Soviet Union, Gorbachev oversaw Perestroika political reforms in 1987.
1988   The Endangered Earth Planet of the Year, representing the growing environmental movement as well as several natural and ecological disasters that struck in 1988: among them were the 1988–1989 North American drought, "syringe tide", 1988 Bangladesh cyclone and 1988 Armenian earthquake, as well as ozone depletion, global warming, radioactive contamination and deforestation.[17]
1989   Mikhail Gorbachev (2) Born in 1931 Acknowledged as "Man of the Decade". Gorbachev, as General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (Soviet leader), oversaw 1989's first free Soviet elections before the fragmentation of the Eastern Bloc.
1990   George H. W. Bush 1924–2018 As President of the United States, Bush oversaw U.S. involvement in the Gulf War (1990–1991).
1991   Ted Turner Born in 1938 Founder of CNN. The piece particularly highlighted CNN's coverage of Operation Desert Storm and the Gulf War, proclaiming it "History as it happens".
1992   Bill Clinton Born in 1946 Clinton was elected President of the United States in 1992, defeating incumbent President George H. W. Bush.
1993   The Peacemakers Represented by Yasser Arafat, F. W. de Klerk, Nelson Mandela, and Yitzhak Rabin.
De Klerk, as State President of South Africa, oversaw Mandela's release from prison in 1990. The pair worked together to end the Apartheid system.
Arafat, as President of the Palestinian National Authority, and Rabin, as Prime Minister of Israel, signed the 1993 Oslo Accord, the first face-to-face agreement between Palestinian and Israeli authorities.
1994   John Paul II 1920–2005 Pope of the Roman Catholic Church from 1978 to 2005.
1995   Newt Gingrich Born in 1943 Leader of the "Republican Revolution", a Republican party election landslide, which led to Gingrich being elected Speaker of the House.
1996   David Ho Born in 1952 Ho, a scientist, pioneered much AIDS research.
1997   Andrew Grove 1936–2016 In 1997, Grove was Chairman and CEO of Intel, recognized as a pioneer in the semiconductor industry.
1998   Bill Clinton (2) Born in 1946 As President of the United States, Clinton was impeached in 1998 following the Lewinsky scandal. The Senate acquitted him of the charges.
  Ken Starr 1946-2022 Starr, a lawyer investigating various figures within the Clinton administration, published his Starr Report in 1998, opening the door for the impeachment of Bill Clinton.
1999   Jeff Bezos Born in 1964 Bezos is founder and was CEO of Amazon.com.
2000   George W. Bush Born in 1946 In 2000, Bush was elected President of the United States, defeating incumbent Vice President Al Gore.
2001   Rudy Giuliani Born in 1944 Giuliani, Mayor of New York City at the time of the September 11 attacks in 2001, was selected as a symbol of America's response to the attacks.
2002   The Whistleblowers Represented by Cynthia Cooper, Coleen Rowley, and Sherron Watkins.
In 2001, Watkins uncovered accounting irregularities in the financial reports of Enron, testifying before Congressional committees the following year. In 2002, Cooper exposed a $3.8 billion fraud at WorldCom. At the time, this was the largest incident of accounting fraud in U.S. history. In 2002, Rowley, an FBI agent, gave testimony about the FBI's mishandling of information related to the September 11 attacks of 2001.
2003   The American soldier (2) Representing U.S. forces around the world, especially in the Iraq War (2003–2011).
2004   George W. Bush (2) Born in 1946 In 2004, Bush was re-elected President of the United States, defeating John Kerry and overseeing U.S. involvement in the Iraq War.
2005  
 
The Good Samaritans Represented by Bono, Bill Gates, and Melinda Gates.
Bono, philanthropist and member of the rock band U2, helped to organise the 2005 Live 8 concerts. Bill Gates, founder of Microsoft and richest person in the world at the time, and his wife Melinda, founded the philanthropic Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
2006 You[19] Representing individual content creators on the World Wide Web.
2007   Vladimir Putin[21] Born in 1952 Putin was President of Russia from 2000 to 2008.
2008   Barack Obama[23] Born in 1961 In 2008, Obama was elected President of the United States, defeating John McCain becoming the first African-American President of the United States in January 2009
2009   Ben Bernanke[25] Born in 1953 Chairman of the Federal Reserve during the financial crisis of 2007–08.
2010   Mark Zuckerberg[27] Born in 1984 Founder of social-networking website Facebook.
2011   The Protester[29] Recognizing the historic significance of many grassroots protests across the world during that year, such as the ongoing Arab Spring and those against austerity measures in Greece and later in Spain, against corruption in India, against the drug war in Mexico, for education in Chile, for social justice in Israel, as well as the riots in England, the anti-government protests in Russia and the emerging global Occupy Movement.[29]
2012   Barack Obama (2)[31] Born in 1961 In 2012, Obama was re-elected President of the United States, defeating Mitt Romney.
2013   Francis[33] Born in 1936 Elected Pope of the Roman Catholic Church in 2013, following the resignation of Pope Benedict XVI.
2014   Ebola fighters[35] "Ebola fighters" refers to health care workers who helped stop the spread of Ebola virus disease during the Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa, including not only doctors and nurses, but also ambulance attendants, burial parties and others.[36]
Those represented on the covers included
2015   Angela Merkel Born in 1954 Chancellor of Germany from 2005 to 2021, recognized for leadership in the Greek debt crisis and European migrant crisis.[43]
2016   Donald Trump Born in 1946 In 2016, Trump was elected President of the United States, defeating Hillary Clinton.
2017 The Silence Breakers The people who spoke out against sexual abuse and harassment, including the figureheads of the Me Too movement. Represented on the cover by strawberry picker Isabel Pascual (pseudonym), lobbyist Adama Iwu, actress Ashley Judd, software engineer Susan Fowler, singer-songwriter Taylor Swift, and a sixth woman, a hospital worker who wished to remain anonymous and whose face cannot be seen.
The feature also specifically spotlights, in order:
2018     The Guardians

Journalists who faced persecution, arrest or murder for their reporting. Those highlighted on four different covers were:

The feature also spotlights the following journalists, in order:
2019   Greta Thunberg Born in 2003 Environmental activist and founder of the school strike for the climate campaign.[71] [72]
2020   Joe Biden[73] Born in 1942 In 2020, Biden and Harris were elected President and Vice President of the United States respectively, defeating incumbent President Donald Trump and Vice President Mike Pence.[74] In January 2021, Harris became the first woman, first African American, and first Asian American vice president. Biden became the oldest president to assume office, first from Delaware, and second Catholic. [75]
  Kamala Harris[73] Born in 1964
2021   Elon Musk[76] Born in 1971 CEO of Tesla, Inc., founder of SpaceX, and the richest person in the world as of 2021 Time did not release a shortlist for 2021.[77]
2022   Volodymyr Zelensky and the Spirit of Ukraine[78] Born 1978 Zelensky has been President of Ukraine since 2019, and commander-in-chief during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. "The Spirit of Ukraine" represents the resilience of the Ukrainian people and the Ukrainian resistance
2023
 
Taylor Swift Born in 1989 Taylor Swift has had quite the year: from launching the highest-grossing global tour of all time (The Eras Tour), releasing two chart-breaking albums, reaching billionaire status, and being named Spotify's Top Global Artist of 2023. Hollywood strikers

Xi Jinping Sam Altman Trump Prosecutors Barbie Vladimir Putin King Charles III Jerome Powell

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