Topfreedom
Topfreedom is a movement in society. The people of the movement want to achieve that women can go topless, without being punished in all the situations, where men do not need to cover their chest. The movement also wants to achieve that women are allowed to breastfeed their children, in public, and that they are allowed to sunbathe topless.
There are many organizations which advocate topfreedom. Topfree Equal Rights Association (TERA) Archived 2020-11-11 at the Wayback Machine is one such organization. Go Topless Day is a special day in August. In this day, women are told to go topless in public.
In the United States, each state has its own laws. The New York State Supreme Court said that women can go topless in public.[1][2][3] Later, the police arrested a woman (in 2005) in New York City for walking along a street without wearing a shirt. She sued (started a court case against) the city for violating the New York State Supreme Court rule that women can go topless in public. The city finally paid her $29,000 because she was right and the police were wrong.[4]
In three provinces in Canada (Ontario, Manitoba and British Columbia) women can be topless in public. However there are sometimes city laws saying women cannot be topless in city parks. Law professors say women probably can be topless in public in the other provinces, but nobody knows for sure. The question has not been decided by the Supreme (national) Court of Canada.[5]
Sometimes women who swim "topless" in the United States use pasties to cover their nipples. It can be a protest against laws telling them to cover their breasts
References change
- ↑ "NY v Santorelli". Naturist Education Foundation. July 7, 1992. Archived from the original on 16 March 2012. Retrieved 12 February 2012.
- ↑ "The People &C., Respondent, V. Ramona Santorelli and Mary Lou Schloss". New York Court of Appeals. July 7, 1992. Retrieved 13 March 2012.
- ↑ "10 successful cases giving women the right to be topless in certain states or cities". GoTopless.org. Retrieved 2009-09-28.
- ↑ Zuckerman, Esther (June 9, 2011). "Yes, Ladies, You Can Walk Around the City Topless". Village Voice. Retrieved 8 February 2012.[permanent dead link]
- ↑ Valverde, Mariana (1999). "The Harms of Sex and the Risks of Breasts: Obscenity and Indecency in Canadian Law" Archived 2014-02-19 at the Wayback Machine. Social Legal Studies 1999; (8): 181.
