Zhiyi

Zhiyi (Chinese: 智顗; pinyin: Zhìyǐ; Wade–Giles: Chih-i; Japanese pronunciation: Chigi; Korean: 지의; 538–597 CE) also Chen De'an (陳德安), was an important Chinese Buddhist philosopher. Zhiyi is famous for developing a well developed philosophical system for Chinese Buddhism. He is also known for having made a big break with Indian Buddhist traditions.

Zhiyi
智顗
Painting of Śramaṇa Zhiyi.
Other names	Chen De'an (陳德安), Master Tiantai (天台大師), Master Zhizhe (智者大師)
Personal
Born	16 February 538 Gong'an County, Hubei, China
Died	3 August 597(597-08-03) (aged 59) Tiantai County, Zhejiang, China
Religion	Buddhism
Nationality	Chinese
School	Tiantai
Lineage	4th generation
Other names	Chen De'an (陳德安), Master Tiantai (天台大師), Master Zhizhe (智者大師)
Dharma names	Zhiyi
Temple	Waguan Temple Guoqing Temple
Senior posting
Teacher	Faxu (法緒) Huikuang (慧曠) Nanyue Huisi

Zhiyi
Chinese name
Traditional Chinese	智顗
Simplified Chinese	智𫖮
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Zhìyǐ Wade–Giles Chih4-i3 IPA [ʈʂɻ̩̂.ì] Yue: Cantonese Yale Romanization Ji-ngáih IPA [tsīː.ŋɐ̬i] Jyutping Zi3-ngai5
Korean name
Hangul	지의
Transcriptions Revised Romanization Chigi
Japanese name
Kanji	智顗
Transcriptions Romanization Chigi

According to David W. Chappell, Zhiyi "has been ranked with Thomas Aquinas and al-Ghazali as one of the great systematizers of religious thought and practice in world history."

Works

• Dharmamitra (trans.): The Essentials of Buddhist Meditation by Shramana Zhiyi, Kalavinka Press 2008, ISBN 978-1-935413-00-4
• Donner, Neal & Daniel B. Stevenson (1993). The Great Calming and Contemplation. Honolulu: University of Hawai‘i Press.
• Shen, Haiyan. The Profound Meaning of the Lotus Sutra: T'ien-t'ai Philosophy of Buddhism volumes I and II. Delhi: Originals, 2005. ISBN 8188629413ISBN 8188629413
• Swanson, Paul L.; trans. (2004). The Great Cessation and Contemplation (Mo-ho Chih-kuan, Chapter 1-6), CD-ROM, Tokyo: Kosei Publishing Co.
• Tam, Wai Lun (1986). A Study and Translation on the Kuan-hsin-lun of Chih-i (538-597) and its Commentary by Kuan-Ting, Hamilton, Ontario: McMaster University
• Thich Tien Tam, trans. (1992). Ten Doubt about Pure Land by Dharma Master Chi-I (T. 47 No. 1961). In: Pure Land Buddhism - Dialogues with Ancient Masters, NY: Sutra Translation Committee of the United States and Canada & Buddha Dharma Education Association, pp. 19–51.

Secondary sources

• Chappell, David W. (1987). 'Is Tendai Buddhism Relevant to the Modern World?', Japanese Journal of Religious Studies 14/2-3, 247–266.
• Dumoulin, Heinrich (1993). "Early Chinese Zen Reexamined ~ A Supplement to 'Zen Buddhism: A History'", Japanese Journal of Religious Studies 1993 20/1.
• Dumoulin, Heinrich (author); Heisig, James W. (trans.) & Knitter, Paul, trans. (2005). Zen Buddhism: A History. Volume 1: India and China. World Wisdom. ISBN 978-0-941532-89-1ISBN 978-0-941532-89-1
• Hurvitz, Leon (1962). Chih-i (538–597): An Introduction to the Life and Ideas of a Chinese Buddhist Monk. Mélanges Chinois et Bouddhiques XII, Bruxelles: Institut Belge des Hautes Études Chinoises.
• Kantor, Hans-Rudolf (2002). Contemplation: Practice, Doctrine and Wisdom in the Teaching of Zhiyi (538-597), Inter-Religio 42, 21-37
• Rhodes, Robert (2012). The Development of Zhiyi´s Three Contemplations and its Relation to the Three Truths Theory. In Conference Papers: Tiantai Buddhist Thought and Practice, Taipei: Huafan University, pp. 312–357
• Stevenson, Daniel B. (1986). The Four Kinds of Samādhi in Early T'ien-t'ai Buddhism. In: Peter N. Gregory: Traditions of Meditation in Chinese Buddhism Vol. 1, Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, pp.  45–98. ISBN 0-8248-1088-0ISBN 0-8248-1088-0.