Ammonium chloride
chemical compound
Ammonium chloride is a chemical compound composed of ammonium and chloride ions. It is a colorless crystalline compound. It is used in soldering. It is also used as an electrolyte in the Leclanche cell, a type of primary cell. Ammonium chloride can be deprotonated by strong bases such as sodium hydroxide to produce ammonia gas.It is sublime compound.
| Names | |
|---|---|
| IUPAC name
Ammonium chloride
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| Other names
Sal ammoniac, Salmiac, Nushadir salt, Sal armagnac, Salt armoniack, Salmiak
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| Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol)
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| ChEBI | |
| ChemSpider | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.031.976 |
| EC Number |
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| KEGG | |
PubChem CID
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| RTECS number |
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| UNII | |
| UN number | 3077 |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
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| Properties | |
| ClH4N | |
| Molar mass | 53.49 g·mol−1 |
| Appearance | White solid, hygroscopic |
| Odor | Odorless |
| Density | 1.519 g/cm3[1] |
| Melting point | 338 °C (640 °F; 611 K) decomposes, sublimes[1] |
| Boiling point | 520 °C (968 °F; 793 K) |
| Sublimes at 337.6 °C[2] ΔsublH | |
| 244 g/L (−15 °C) 294 g/L (0 °C) 383.0 g/L (25 °C) 454.4 g/L (40 °C) 740.8 g/L (100 °C)[3] | |
Solubility product (Ksp)
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30.9 (395 g/L)[4] |
| Solubility | Soluble in liquid ammonia, hydrazine, Slightly soluble in acetone Insoluble in diethyl ether, ethyl acetate[2] |
| Solubility in methanol | 32 g/kg (17 °C) 33.5 g/kg (19 °C) 35.4 g/kg (25 °C)[2] |
| Solubility in ethanol | 6 g/L (19 °C)[5] |
| Solubility in glycerol | 97 g/kg[2] |
| Solubility in sulfur dioxide | 0.09 g/kg (0 °C) 0.031 g/kg (25 °C)[2] |
| Solubility in acetic acid | 0.67 g/kg (16.6 °C)[2] |
| Vapor pressure | 133.3 Pa (160.4 °C) 6.5 kPa (250 °C) 33.5 kPa (300 °C)[5] |
| Acidity (pKa) | 9.24 |
| -36.7·10−6 cm3/mol[6] | |
Refractive index (nD)
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1.642 (20 °C)[2] |
| Structure | |
| CsCl, cP2[7] | |
| Pm3m, No. 221 | |
a = 0.3876 nm
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Formula units (Z)
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1 |
| Thermochemistry | |
| Std enthalpy of formation ΔfH |
−314.43 kJ/mol[5] |
| Standard molar entropy S |
94.56 J/mol·K[5] |
| Specific heat capacity, C | 84.1 J/mol·K[5] |
| Pharmacology | |
| B05XA04 (WHO) G04BA01 (WHO) | |
| Hazards | |
| NFPA 704 |
0
2
0
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| Flash point | Non-flammable |
| U.S. Permissible exposure limit (PEL) |
none[8] |
| Related compounds | |
| Other anions | Ammonium fluoride Ammonium bromide Ammonium iodide |
| Other cations | Sodium chloride Potassium chloride Hydroxylammonium chloride |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |
 verify (what is   ?)
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| Infobox references | |
Related pagesEdit
ReferencesEdit
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Haynes, William M., ed. (2011). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (92nd ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. p. 4.46. ISBN 1439855110.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 ammonium chloride. Chemister.ru (2007-03-19). Retrieved on 2018-01-23.
- ↑ Seidell, Atherton; Linke, William F. (1919). Solubilities of Inorganic and Organic Compounds (2nd ed.). D. Van Nostrand Company.
Results here are multiplied by water's density at temperature of solution for unit conversion. - ↑ "Solubility Products of Selected Compounds". Salt Lake Metals. Retrieved 2014-06-11.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 Pradyot, Patnaik (2003). Handbook of Inorganic Chemicals. The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. ISBN 978-0-07-049439-8.
- ↑ Haynes, William M., ed. (2011). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (92nd ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. p. 4.131. ISBN 1439855110.
- ↑ Breñosa, A.G; Rodríguez, F; Moreno, M (1993). "Phase transition temperatures and thermal hysteresis in NH4Cl1−xBrx (x≤0.05) crystals determined through charge transfer spectra of Cu2+(II) centres". Solid State Communications. 85 (2): 135. Bibcode:1993SSCom..85..135B. doi:10.1016/0038-1098(93)90362-Q.
- ↑ NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0029". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
