The Anti-Defamation League (ADL) is a Jewish international organization headquartered in New York City. The ADL fights against antisemitism, racism and all types of bigotry.[3]
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| Formation | September 1913 |
|---|---|
| Founder | Sigmund Livingston |
| Type | Civil rights advocacy group |
| 13-1818723 (EIN)[1] | |
| Legal status | 501(c)(3) organization |
| Headquarters | New York City, New York, U.S. |
Chair | Ben Sax |
CEO | Jonathan Greenblatt |
Revenue (2021) | $101.1 million[2] |
| Expenses (2021) | $81.5 million[2] |
Staff (2021) | 501[2] |
Volunteers (2021) | 3,500[2] |
| Website | adl |
Formerly called | Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith |
It was founded in late September 1913 by the Independent Order of B'nai B'rith, a Jewish service organization, in the wake of the contentious murder conviction of Leo Frank. ADL subsequently split from B'nai B'rith and continued as an independent US section 501(c)(3) nonprofit. In an early campaign, ADL and allied groups pressured the automaker Henry Ford, who had published virulently antisemitic propaganda.[4][5] In the 1930s, ADL worked with the American Jewish Committee (AJC) to oppose pro-Nazi activity in the United States.[6][7] It opposed McCarthyism during the Cold War,[5] and campaigned for major civil rights legislation in the 1960s.[5][7] It also worked with the NAACP to discredit the far right in a spy operation.[8] In the 1980s, it was involved in propaganda against Nelson Mandela of South Africa before embracing him the following decade.[9][10]
Since the 1970s, ADL has advanced the concept of new antisemitism, including a definition that says anti-Zionism and some criticisms of Israel are antisemitic.[11][12][13][14] It has received criticism, including from members of its staff, that such advocacy has diverted ADL from its historical fight against antisemitism.[11][15][16]
References
change- ↑ "Anti Defamation League – Nonprofit Explorer". ProPublica. May 9, 2013. Archived from the original on November 14, 2019. Retrieved April 9, 2021.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 "2021 Form 990" (PDF). ADL. p. 1. Archived (PDF) from the original on June 11, 2023. Retrieved September 14, 2023.
- ↑ "Anti-Defamation League | Fighting Hate & Discrimination". Encyclopædia Britannica. 2024-06-15. Archived from the original on November 20, 2023. Retrieved 2024-06-21.
- ↑ Blakeslee, Spencer (2000).The Death of American Antisemitism. Praeger/Greenwood. ISBN 0-275-96508-2, p. 83.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Hendricks, Nancy (2019). "Anti-Defamation League". In Ainsworth, Scott H.; Harward, Brian M. (eds.). Political Groups, Parties, and Organizations That Shaped America: An Encyclopedia and Document Collection. Vol. 1. Bloomsbury Academic. ISBN 9781440851964.
- ↑ Ross, Steven (2017). Hitler in Los Angeles: How Jews Foiled Nazi Plots Against Hollywood and America. New York: Bloomsbury. ISBN 9781620405642. Archived from the original on September 21, 2017. Retrieved May 6, 2018.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Golembeski, Cynthia (2023-06-25). "Anti-Defamation League". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on November 20, 2023. Retrieved 2023-07-08.
- ↑ "How an ADL spy operation helped bring down the far-right John Birch Society". Times of Israel. 21 May 2023.
- ↑ Frankel, Glenn (May 24, 2010). "Israel's Most Illicit Affair". Foreign Policy. Archived from the original on March 28, 2023. Retrieved 2023-03-28.
- ↑ Pogrund, Benjamin (May 24, 2010). "The Unspoken Alliance: Israel's Secret Relationship With Apartheid South Africa". The Jewish Chronicle. Archived from the original on March 28, 2023. Retrieved 2023-03-27.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 Guyer, Jonathan; Perkins, Tom (5 January 2024). "Anti-Defamation League staff decry 'dishonest' campaign against Israel critics". The Guardian. Archived from the original on May 10, 2024. Retrieved 5 January 2024.
Critics of the group argue that these and other actions risk undermining the civil rights organization's counter-extremism work and say the group has foregone much of its historical mission to fight antisemitism in favor of doing advocacy for Israel ... The ADL and many other Jewish establishment organizations have been pushing for years for governments to adopt the International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance (IHRA) definition, which defines some criticisms of Israel, and anti-Zionism in particular, as antisemitic.
- ↑ Romeyn, Esther (2020-03-14). "(Anti) 'new antisemitism' as a transnational field of racial governance". Patterns of Prejudice. 54 (1–2). Informa UK Limited: 199–214. doi:10.1080/0031322x.2019.1696048. ISSN 0031-322X. S2CID 219029515.
In the United States, one the strongest promoters of various installments of the 'new antisemitism' thesis has been the Anti-Defamation League (ADL) which in 1974 published a book entitled The New Anti-Semitism.
- ↑ Levin, Geoffery P. (2021). "Before the New Antisemitism: Arab Critics of Zionism and American Jewish Politics, 1917–1974". American Jewish History. 105 (1–2). Project MUSE: 103–126. doi:10.1353/ajh.2021.0005. ISSN 1086-3141. S2CID 239741775.
The ADL responded to these critiques as they came, but also in a cohesive way through a new book by Forster and Epstein titled The New Anti-Semitism, which would be their most important and best-selling publication.98 Like their previous books, The New Anti-Semitism stitched together a list of types of antisemitic threats, which had grown in length. In contrast to prior books focused on the far right and Arab propagandists, The New Anti-Semitism included the right-wing threat alongside threats that emanated from "The USSR, Western Europe, Latin America," and included "the Radical Left," "Arabs and Pro-Arabs," and Black Americans. Taken collectively, this bundle of threats, taken to include anti-Zionism, has been called the "New Anti-Semitism" from the book's publication onwards.
- ↑ Raab, Earl (May 1974). "Is there a New Anti-Semitism?". Commentary magazine. pp. 53–54. Archived from the original on December 1, 2021.
- ↑ "The Anti-Defamation League: Israel's Attack Dog in the US". The Nation. 31 January 2024. Archived from the original on February 4, 2024. Retrieved 4 February 2024.
The ADL's priority today remains—as it has for decades—going after Americans who are simply opposed to Israel's endless occupation and oppression of Palestinians.
- ↑ Guyer, Jonathan (25 May 2023). "The high-stakes debate over how the US defines "antisemitism"". Vox. Archived from the original on September 27, 2023. Retrieved 27 September 2023.
