Gloria Swanson
Gloria Swanson[1] (Gloria Josephine Mae, March 27, 1899 – April 4, 1983) was an American movie, television, stage, voice, radio, silent movie actress, singer and movie producer. She played Norma Desmond in Sunset Boulevard. She won a Golden Globe Award in 1951 and a Saturn Award in 1975. She was known for having an affair with Joseph P. Kennedy, Sr.. Swanson was born in Chicago, Illinois.[2] She studied at Hawthorne Scholastic Academy. She was married six times, having a relationship with Wallace Beery (1916-1919), Herbert K. Somborn (1919-1922), Henri de la Falaise (1925-1930), Michael Farmer (1931-1934), William Davey (1945-1946) and William Dufty (1976-1983). Swanson had three children. She died of heart failure. She was buried at the Episcopal Church of the Heavenly Rest in New York City.
Gloria Swanson | |
---|---|
Born | Gloria May Josephine Swanson March 27, 1899 Chicago, Illinois, U.S. |
Died | April 4, 1983 New York City, U.S. | (aged 84)
Resting place | Church of the Heavenly Rest, New York City |
Other names | Gloria Mae |
Occupations |
|
Years active | 1914–1983 |
Political party | Republican |
Spouses | Michael Farmer
(m. 1931; div. 1934)William Davey
(m. 1945; div. 1946) |
Children | 3 |
Signature | |
Early life
changeSwanson was born in a small house in Chicago in 1899.[3] She was raised in the Lutheran faith. Her father was Joseph Theodore Swanson (né Svensson). He was a Swedish American soldier. Her mother was Adelaide (née Klanowski). She had German, French, and Polish ancestry.[3][4][5] Her family moved often because her father was in the US Army. For some of her childhood, she lived in Key West, Florida. There, she went to a Catholic convent school.[6] She also lived in Puerto Rico. Here, she saw her first movies.[7]
Career
changeHer family moved to Chicago again when Swanson became adolescent. Gloria was soon hired by Essanay Studios as an extra.[8]
Movies were still new. Extras were usually very important. Her first role was a walk-on with Gerda Holmes. For this, she was paid $3.25.[9] The studio soon gave her a job for $13.25 (equivalent to $358 in 2021) per week.[10][11] Swanson left school to work at the studio.[10] In 1915, she co-starred in Sweedie Goes to College. Her future first husband, Wallace Beery also acted in this movie.[12]
In 1916, Swanson and her mother wet to California for her parts in Mack Sennett's Keystone Studios comedy shorts. At the studio, Swanson became popular with audiences.[13] She was in many movies with Bobby Vernon. They were both in the The Danger Girl (1916), The Sultan's Wife (1917), and Teddy at the Throttle (1917).[14][15] The director, Clarence G. Badger was by Swanson. He recommended her to the director Jack Conway. With Conway, Swanson played in Her Decision and You Can't Believe Everything in 1918.[14][16] Her pay was soon increased to $15 a week.[17][15]
Movies
change† | Is a lost movie. |
Shorts
changeTitle | Year | Role | Notes Studio/Distributor |
Ref(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
The Song of the Soul † | 1914 | Unconfirmed | [18] | |
The Misjudged Mr. Hartley † | 1915 | Maid | [19] | |
At the End of a Perfect Day † | 1915 | Hands Bouquet to Holmes | Uncredited, actual release date of January 26, 2015 | [18] |
The Ambition of the Baron | 1915 | Bit part | Essanay Film starring Francis X. Bushman |
[20] |
His New Job | 1915 | Stenographer | Essanay Film Written and directed by Charlie Chaplin |
[19] |
The Fable of Elvira and Farina and the Meal Ticket † | 1915 | Farina, Elvira's Daughter | Credited as Gloria Mae Essanay Film |
[19] |
Sweedie Goes to College † | 1915 | College Girl | Wallace Beery played Sweedie in a series of shorts Essanay Film |
[21] |
The Romance of an American Duchess † | 1915 | Minor Role | Uncredited Essanay Film |
[22] |
The Broken Pledge † | 1915 | Gloria | Essanay Film | [23] |
A Dash of Courage † | 1916 | Keystone/Triangle with Bobby Vernon directed by Clarence G. Badger |
[24] | |
Hearts and Sparks † | 1916 | Keystone/Triangle with Bobby Vernon directed by Clarence G. Badger |
[25] | |
A Social Cub † | 1916 | Keystone/Triangle with Bobby Vernon directed by Clarence G. Badger |
[26] | |
The Danger Girl | 1916 | Reggie's madcap sister | Keystone/Triangle with Bobby Vernon directed by Clarence G. Badger |
[27] |
Haystacks and Steeples † | 1916 | Keystone/Triangle with Bobby Vernon directed by Clarence G. Badger |
[28] | |
The Nick of Time Baby | 1916 | Keystone/Triangle with Bobby Vernon directed by Clarence G. Badger |
[29] | |
Teddy at the Throttle | 1917 | Gloria Dawn, His Sweetheart | Uncredited with Bobby Vernon Keystone/Triangle directed by Clarence G. Badger |
[30] |
Baseball Madness † | 1917 | Victor Film/Universal | [31] | |
Dangers of a Bride † | 1917 | Keystone/Triangle directed by Clarence G. Badger |
[15] | |
Whose Baby? | 1917 | Keystone/Triangle with Bobby Vernon directed by Clarence G. Badger |
[15] | |
The Sultan's Wife | 1917 | Gloria | Keystone/Triangle with Bobby Vernon directed by Clarence G. Badger |
[15] |
The Pullman Bride | 1917 | The Girl | Paramount-Mack Sennett directed by Clarence G. Badger |
[32] |
A Trip to Paramountown | 1922 | Herself | Paramount | [33] |
Features
changeTitle | Year | Role | Notes Studio/Distributor |
Ref(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Society for Sale † | 1918 | Phylis Clyne | Triangle Film Corporation | [34] |
Her Decision † | 1918 | Phyllis Dunbar | Triangle Film Corporation directed by Jack Conway |
[35] |
You Can't Believe Everything † | 1918 | Patricia Reynolds | Triangle Film Corporation directed by Jack Conway |
[36] |
Station Content | 1918 | Kitty Manning | Triangle Film Corporation directed by Arthur Hoyt One reel survives |
[36] |
Everywoman's Husband | 1918 | Edith Emerson | Triangle Film Corporation directed by Gilbert P. Hamilton |
[36] |
Shifting Sands | 1918 | Marcia Grey | Triangle Film Corporation directed by Albert Parker |
[37] |
The Secret Code † | 1918 | Sally Carter Rand | Triangle Film Corporation directed by Albert Parker |
[36] |
Wife or Country † | 1918 | Sylvia Hamilton | Triangle Film Corporation directed by E. Mason Hopper |
[36] |
Don't Change Your Husband | 1919 | Leila Porter | Famous Players–Lasky/Paramount directed by Cecil B. DeMille |
[37] |
For Better, for Worse | 1919 | Sylvia Norcross | Famous Players–Lasky/Paramount directed by Cecil B. DeMille |
[36] |
Male and Female | 1919 | Lady Mary Lasenby | Famous Players–Lasky/Paramount directed by Cecil B. DeMille |
[38] |
Why Change Your Wife? | 1920 | Beth Gordon | Famous Players–Lasky/Paramount directed by Cecil B. DeMille |
[38] |
Something to Think About | 1920 | Ruth Anderson | Famous Players–Lasky/Paramount directed by Cecil B. DeMille |
[38] |
The Affairs of Anatol | 1921 | Vivian Spencer – Anatol's Wife | Famous Players–Lasky/Paramount directed by Cecil B. DeMille |
[38][39] |
The Great Moment † | 1921 | Nada Pelham/Nadine Pelham | Famous Players–Lasky/Paramount directed by Sam Wood |
[38] |
Under the Lash † | 1921 | Deborah Krillet | Famous Players–Lasky/Paramount directed by Sam Wood |
[40] |
Don't Tell Everything † | 1921 | Marian Westover | Famous Players–Lasky/Paramount directed by Sam Wood |
[41] |
Her Husband's Trademark | 1922 | Lois Miller | Famous Players–Lasky/Paramount directed by Sam Wood |
[41] |
Her Gilded Cage † | 1922 | Suzanne Ornoff | Famous Players–Lasky/Paramount directed by Sam Wood |
[41] |
Beyond the Rocks | 1922 | Theodora Fitzgerald | Famous Players–Lasky/Paramount directed by Sam Wood |
[41] |
The Impossible Mrs. Bellew † | 1922 | Betty Bellew | Famous Players–Lasky/Paramount directed by Sam Wood |
[41] |
My American Wife † | 1922 | Natalie Chester | Famous Players–Lasky/Paramount directed by Sam Wood |
[42] |
Prodigal Daughters † | 1923 | Swifty Forbes | Famous Players–Lasky/Paramount directed by Sam Wood |
[43] |
Bluebeard's 8th Wife † | 1923 | Mona deBriac | Famous Players–Lasky/Paramount directed by Sam Wood |
[43] |
Hollywood † | 1923 | Cameo role | Famous Players–Lasky/Paramount | [44] |
Zaza | 1923 | Zaza | Famous Players–Lasky/Paramount directed by Allan Dwan |
[43] |
The Humming Bird | 1924 | Toinette | Famous Players–Lasky/Paramount directed by Sidney Olcott |
[43] |
A Society Scandal † | 1924 | Marjorie Colbert | Famous Players–Lasky/Paramount directed by Allan Dwan |
[43] |
Manhandled | 1924 | Tessie McGuire | Famous Players–Lasky/Paramount directed by Allan Dwan |
[43] |
Her Love Story † | 1924 | Princess Marie | Famous Players–Lasky/Paramount directed by Allan Dwan |
[45] |
Wages of Virtue † | 1924 | Carmelita | Famous Players–Lasky/Paramount directed by Allan Dwan |
[45] |
Madame Sans-Gêne † | 1925 | Madame Sans-Gêne | Famous Players–Lasky/Paramount directed by Léonce Perret |
[45] |
The Coast of Folly † | 1925 | Joyce Gathway/Nadine Gathway | Famous Players–Lasky/Paramount directed by Allan Dwan |
[45] |
Stage Struck | 1925 | Jennie Hagen | Famous Players–Lasky/Paramount directed by Allan Dwan |
[45] |
The Untamed Lady † | 1926 | St. Clair Van Tassel | Famous Players–Lasky/Paramount directed by Frank Tuttle |
[46] |
Fine Manners | 1926 | Orchid Murphy | Famous Players–Lasky/Paramount directed by Richard Rosson |
[46] |
The Love of Sunya | 1927 | Sunya Ashling | Swanson Producing Corporation/United Artists directed by Albert Parker |
[46] |
Sadie Thompson | 1928 | Sadie Thompson | Gloria Swanson Productions/United Artists directed by Raoul Walsh |
[46] |
Queen Kelly | 1928 | Kitty Kelly/Queen Kelly | Joseph P. Kennedy/United Artists directed by Erich von Stroheim |
[46] |
The Trespasser | 1929 | Marion Donnell | Gloria Productions/United Artists directed by Edmund Goulding Released in two versions, one silent, and the other with sound |
[47] |
What a Widow! † | 1930 | Tamarind Brook | Gloria Productions/United Artists directed by Allan Dwan |
[48] |
Indiscreet | 1931 | Geraldine "Gerry" Trent | Feature Productions, Inc. A DeSylva, Brown & Henderson Production directed by Leo McCarey |
[48] |
Tonight or Never | 1931 | Nella Vago | Feature Productions, Inc./United Artists directed by Mervyn LeRoy |
[48] |
Perfect Understanding | 1933 | Judy Rogers | Gloria Swanson British Productions, Ltd./United Artists directed by Cyril Gardner |
[49] |
Music in the Air | 1934 | Frieda Hotzfelt | Erich Pommer Productions/Fox Film directed by Joe May |
[50] |
Father Takes a Wife | 1941 | Leslie Collier Osborne | Marcus Lee/RKO Radio Pictures, Inc. directed by William Dorfman |
[50] |
Sunset Boulevard | 1950 | Norma Desmond | Charles Brackett/Paramount directed by Billy Wilder |
[50] |
3 for Bedroom "C" | 1952 | Ann Haven/costume designer | Brenco Pictures Corporation/Warner Bros. directed by Milton H. Bren |
[51] |
Nero's Weekend (aka Nero's Mistress) | 1956 | Agrippina | Les Films Marceau and Titanus/Manhattan Films International directed by Steno |
[52] |
Airport 1975 | 1974 | Herself | Universal Pictures directed by Jack Smight |
[52] |
Television
changeTitle | Year | Role | Notes | Ref(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
The Gloria Swanson Hour | 1948 | Hostess | Variety show | [53] |
The Peter Lind Hayes Show | 1950 | Herself | Episode #1.1 sitcom show |
[54] |
Hollywood Opening Night | 1953 | Episode: "The Pattern" | [55] | |
Crown Theatre with Gloria Swanson | 1954–1955 | Hostess | 25 episodes | [56] |
The Steve Allen Show | 1957 | Norma Desmond | Episode #3.8 | [57] |
Straightaway | 1961 | Lorraine Carrington | Episode: "A Toast to Yesterday" | [58] |
Dr. Kildare | 1963 | Julia Colton | Episode: "The Good Luck Charm" | [59] |
Burke's Law | 1963–1964 | Various roles | 2 episodes | [59] |
Kraft Suspense Theatre | 1964 | Mrs. Charlotte Heaton | Segment: "Who Is Jennifer?" | [59] |
The Alfred Hitchcock Hour | 1964 | Mrs. Daniels | Episode: "Behind the Locked Door" | [59] |
My Three Sons | 1965 | Margaret McSterling | Episode: "The Fountain of Youth" | [59] |
Ben Casey | 1965 | Victoria Hoffman | Episode: "Minus That Rusty Old Hacksaw" | [59] |
The Beverly Hillbillies | 1966 | Herself | Episode: "The Gloria Swanson Story" | [59] |
The Eternal Tramp Special | 1972 | Narrator | aka Chaplinesque, My Life and Hard Times | [60] |
The Carol Burnett Show | 1973 | Herself | Episode #7.3 | [61] |
Killer Bees | 1974 | Madame Maria von Bohlen | Television movie | [62] |
The Great Debate | 1974 | Herself | Canadian interview show with James Bawden | [63] |
Hollywood | 1980 | Herself | Television documentary | [64] |
Awards and nominations
changeYear | Award | Result | Category | Film or series | Ref(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1929 | Academy Award | Nominated | Best Actress | Sadie Thompson | [65] |
1931 | The Trespasser | [66] | |||
1951 | Sunset Boulevard | [67] | |||
1951 | Golden Globe Award | Won | Best Actress – Motion Picture Drama | [68] | |
1964 | Nominated | Best TV Star – Female | Burke's Law | [59] | |
1951 | Italian National Syndicate of Film Journalists | Won | Best Actress – Foreign Film (Migliore Attrice Straniera) | Sunset Boulevard | [69] |
1951 | Jussi Award | Won | Best Foreign Actress | [70] | |
1950 | National Board of Review of Motion Pictures | Won | Best Actress | [71] | |
1980 | Career Achievement Award | -
|
[72] | ||
1975 | Saturn Award | Won | Special Award | -
|
[73] |
References
changeSources
change- ↑ "Butterflies Are Free". IBDB. Retrieved May 27, 2020.
- ↑ Harzig, Christiane (1996). Peasant Maids, City Women. Cornell University Press. p. 283. ISBN 0-8014-8395-6.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Quirk 1984, pp. 15, 17.
- ↑ Quirk 1984, p. 17.
- ↑ Harzig & Matovic 2018, p. 283.
- ↑ Welsch 2013, pp. 6–8.
- ↑ Welsch 2013, pp. 9–11.
- ↑ Welsch 2013, pp. 11–12.
- ↑ Welsch 2013, p. 12.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 Welsch 2013, p. 13.
- ↑ 1634–1699: McCusker, J. J. (1997). How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States: Addenda et Corrigenda (PDF). American Antiquarian Society. 1700–1799: McCusker, J. J. (1992). How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States (PDF). American Antiquarian Society. 1800–present: Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. "Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–". Retrieved April 16, 2022.
- ↑ Shearer 2013, pp. 18, 25.
- ↑ Welsch 2013, pp. 23, 30.
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 Birchard 2009, p. 135.
- ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 15.3 15.4 Shearer 2013, p. 35.
- ↑ Shearer 2013, pp. 40–42.
- ↑ Birchard 2009, pp. 135–136.
- ↑ 18.0 18.1 Shearer 2013, p. 14.
- ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 Shearer 2013, p. 19.
- ↑ Welsch 2013, p. 14.
- ↑ Welsch 2013, p. 18.
- ↑ Welsch 2013, p. 15.
- ↑ Shearer 2013, p. 21.
- ↑ Welsch 2013, p. 22.
- ↑ Shearer 2013, p. 29.
- ↑ King 2009, p. 172.
- ↑ Welsch 2013, pp. 24, 36, 355.
- ↑ Shearer 2013, p. 30.
- ↑ Shearer 2013, p. 31.
- ↑ Shearer 2013, p. 34.
- ↑ Welsch 2013, p. 399n36.
- ↑ Welsch 2013, pp. 34–35.
- ↑ "Trip to Paramountown is Stellar Traffic Jam". The Orlando Sentinel. Retrieved May 27, 2020.
- ↑ "Society for Sale". catalog.afi.com. Retrieved May 27, 2020.
- ↑ Welsch 2013, p. 438.
- ↑ 36.0 36.1 36.2 36.3 36.4 36.5 Welsch 2013, p. 439.
- ↑ 37.0 37.1 Welsch 2013, p. 39.
- ↑ 38.0 38.1 38.2 38.3 38.4 Welsch 2013, p. 440.
- ↑ Birchard 2009, p. 162.
- ↑ Welsch 2013, pp. 440–441.
- ↑ 41.0 41.1 41.2 41.3 41.4 Welsch 2013, p. 441.
- ↑ Welsch 2013, pp. 441–442.
- ↑ 43.0 43.1 43.2 43.3 43.4 43.5 Welsch 2013, p. 442.
- ↑ "Hollywood". catalog.afi.com. Retrieved May 27, 2020.
- ↑ 45.0 45.1 45.2 45.3 45.4 Welsch 2013, p. 443.
- ↑ 46.0 46.1 46.2 46.3 46.4 Welsch 2013, p. 444.
- ↑ Welsch 2013, pp. 444–445.
- ↑ 48.0 48.1 48.2 Welsch 2013, p. 445.
- ↑ Welsch 2013, pp. 445–446.
- ↑ 50.0 50.1 50.2 Welsch 2013, p. 446.
- ↑ Welsch 2013, pp. 446–447.
- ↑ 52.0 52.1 Welsch 2013, p. 447.
- ↑ Welsch 2013, pp. 315–317.
- ↑ "Gloria Swanson on Peter and Mary TV show". The Central New Jersey Home News. November 27, 1950.
- ↑ "Gloria Swanson to Do Live Dramatic TV Show". Los Angeles Times. February 4, 1953.
- ↑ Welsch 2013, pp. 347–348.
- ↑ Welsch 2013, p. 359.
- ↑ "Straightaway – Gloria Swanson portrays an aging movie queen". The Philadelphia Inquirer. December 15, 1961.
- ↑ 59.0 59.1 59.2 59.3 59.4 59.5 59.6 59.7 Welsch 2013, p. 358.
- ↑ "The Eternal Tramp Special". The Morning Call. September 24, 1972.
- ↑ Welsch 2013, pp. 377–378.
- ↑ Welsch 2013, pp. 375–376.
- ↑ Bawden & Miller 2016, pp. 14–25.
- ↑ "Hollywood, Gloria Swanson and Rudolph Valentino". Detroit Free Press. July 10, 1981. p. 23.
- ↑ "The 1st Academy Awards: 1929". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. October 8, 2014. Retrieved May 27, 2020.
- ↑ "The 3rd Academy Awards: 1931". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. October 9, 2014. Retrieved May 27, 2020.
- ↑ "The 23rd Academy Awards: 1951". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. October 4, 2014.
- ↑ "Gloria Swanson, Ferrer Awarded Golden Globes". Green Bay Press-Gazette. March 1, 1951. p. 6. Retrieved May 27, 2020.
- ↑ "Film Festival in Punta Del Este, Uruguay". The News and Observer. March 12, 1951. Retrieved May 27, 2020.
- ↑ "Jussi-palkinto – Gloria Swanon's Jussi award". November 4, 2011. Archived from the original on November 4, 2011.
- ↑ "Gloria Swanson Rated Year's Best Actress". The Gazette. December 21, 1950. Retrieved May 27, 2020.
- ↑ "Gloria Swanson career achievement award 1980". The News-Messenger. December 24, 1980. Retrieved May 27, 2020.
- ↑ "The Saturn Awards History: Past Honorees". www.saturnawards.org. Retrieved May 27, 2020.
Citations
change- Balio, Tino (2009). United Artists, Volume 1, 1919–1950: The Company Built by the Stars. University of Wisconsin Press. ISBN 978-0-299-23003-6.(subscription required)
- Bawden, James; Miller, Ron (2016). "Gloria Swanson". Conversations with Classic Film Stars: Interviews from Hollywood's Golden Era. The University Press of Kentucky. pp. 14–26. ISBN 978-0-8131-6712-1.(subscription required)
- Beauchamp, Cari (2009). Joseph P. Kennedy presents : his Hollywood years (First Vintage books ed.). New York. ISBN 978-0-307-47522-0.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Birchard, Robert S. S. (2009). Cecil B. DeMille's Hollywood. The University Press of Kentucky. ISBN 978-0-8131-2636-4.(subscription required)
- Carper, James C. (2009). The Praeger handbook of religion and education in the United States. Westport, Conn.: Praeger Publishers. ISBN 978-0-275-99227-9.
- Desjardins, Mary R. (2015). Recycled Stars: Female Film Stardom in the Age of Television and Video. Durham, North Carolina: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0-8223-7603-3.
- Dufty, William (1993). Sugar Blues. Grand Central Publishing.
- Harzig, Christiane; Matovic, Margareta, eds. (2018). "Embracing a Middle-Class Life: Swedish-American Women in Lake View". Peasant Maids, City Women: From the European Countryside to Urban America. Cornell University Press. pp. 261–298. ISBN 978-1-5017-2554-8.(subscription required)
- Hershfield, Joanne (2000). Invention Of Dolores Del Rio. University of Minnesota Press. ISBN 978-0-8166-5282-2.(subscription required)
- Holbrook, Morris (2011). Music, Movies, Meanings, and Markets : Cinemajazzamatazz. Hoboken: Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-0-203-81553-3.
- King, Rob (2009). The fun factory : the Keystone Film Company and the emergence of mass culture. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-25538-8.
- Lennig, Arthur (2000). Stroheim. The University Press of Kentucky. ISBN 978-0-8131-7125-8.(subscription required)
- Moss, Marilyn (2011). "Pre-Code Walsh". Raoul Walsh: The True Adventures of Hollywood's Legendary Director. The University Press of Kentucky. ISBN 978-0-8131-3394-2.(subscription required)
- Pearson, Drew (May 14, 1964). "The Washington Merry-Go-Round" (PDF). dspace.wrlc.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 16, 2013. Retrieved September 19, 2020.
- Phillips, Gene (2010). Some Like It Wilder: The Life and Controversial Films of Billy Wilder. The University Press of Kentucky. ISBN 978-0-8131-7367-2.(subscription required)
- Quirk, Lawrence J. (1984). The Films of Gloria Swanson. Citadel Press. ISBN 0-8065-0874-4.
- Shearer, Stephen Michael (2013). Gloria Swanson : the Ultimate Star. Thomas Dunne Books. ISBN 978-1-250-00155-9.
- Syman, Stefanie (2010). The Subtle Body: the Story of Yoga in America. Farrar, Straus and Giroux. ISBN 978-0-374-53284-0. OCLC 456171421.
- Thomson, David (2014). The New Biographical Dictionary of Film (Sixth ed.). New York. ISBN 978-0-375-71184-8.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Welsch, Tricia (2013). Gloria Swanson: Ready for Her Close-Up. University Press of Mississippi. ISBN 978-1-62103-991-4.(subscription required)
- Mino, Salvestri (1925). Gloria Swanson: La grande attrice di moda (PDF). Milan, Gloriosa Editore.
Further reading
change- Card, James (1994). Seductive Cinema: The Art of Silent Film (paperback reprint). University of Minnesota Press. ISBN 0-8166-3390-8.
- Hudson, Richard (1970). Gloria Swanson. Castle Books. LCCN 75-88280.
- Kobal, John (1985). People Will Talk. Knopf, New York. Especially Introduction and Chapter 1. ISBN 0-394-53660-6.
- Staggs, Sam (2003). Close-up on Sunset Boulevard: Billy Wilder, Norma Desmond, and the Dark Hollywood Dream. St. Martin's Press. ISBN 0-312-27453-X.
- Tapert, Annette (1998). The Power of Glamour. Crown Publishers, Inc. Introduction and Chapter 1. ISBN 0-517-70376-9.
Other websites
changeGeneral
change- Gloria Swanson on IMDb
- Gloria Swanson at the Internet Broadway Database
- Gloria Swanson at the TCM Movie Database
- Gloria Swanson Archived December 21, 2016, at the Wayback Machine at the Women Film Pioneers Project
- Glorious Gloria Swanson – Tribute site
- Gloria Swanson's papers Archived January 16, 2013, at the Wayback Machine at the Harry Ransom Center at the University of Texas at Austin
- Gloria Swanson photographs and bibliography
Interviews
change- Gloria Swanson, video of The Mike Wallace Interview, April 28, 1957
- Gloria Swanson, interview on Dick Cavett Show on YouTube, August 3, 1970