List of presidents of Peru
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(Redirected from Leaders of Peru)
This is a list of presidents of Peru.
Republic of Peru (1839–present)Edit
The Republic of Peru was reestablished on August 25, 1839.
N | President | Term of office | Form of entry | Party | Born in | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Start | End | |||||||
José de San Martín and the Liberation Army of the South (1820–1823) | ||||||||
José de San Martín[1] Liberator and Protector |
3 August 1821 | 20 September 1822 | Liberator | Yapeyu | ||||
1 | José de la Riva Agüero[1] | 28 February 1823 | 23 June 1823 | Appointed by Congress[2] | Military | Lima | ||
2 | José Bernardo de Tagle[1] | 16 August 1823 | 18 November 1823 | Appointed by Congress[3] | Military | Lima | ||
18 November 1823 | 10 February 1824 | Election[4] | ||||||
Simón Bolívar, the Northern Expedition, and the end of colonial era (1823–1826) | ||||||||
Simón Bolívar[1] | 10 February 1824 | 27 January 1827 | Supreme Political and Military Authority of the Republic of Peru[5] Dictator of Peru[6] |
Military | Caracas | |||
3 | José de La Mar[1] | 10 June 1827 | 7 June 1829 | Election[7] | Military | Quito | ||
4 | Agustín Gamarra[1] | 7 June 1829 | 19 December 1829 | Coup d'état, in cahoots with Antonio Gutiérrez de la Fuente | Military | Cusco | ||
1 September 1829 | 19 December 1829 | Appointed by Congress[8] | ||||||
19 December 1829 | 19 December 1833 | Election[9] | ||||||
5 | Luis José de Orbegoso[10] | 21 December 1833 | 21 December 1833 | Election[11] | Military | La Libertad | ||
6 | Felipe Salaverry[12] | 25 February 1835 | 7 February 1836 | Coup d'état[13] | Military | Lima | ||
War of the Peru–Bolivian Confederation (1836-1839) Rulers of the Peru-Bolivia Confederation | ||||||||
Result: Victory of Restorative United Army
Consequence: Dissolution of the Peru–Bolivian Confederation | ||||||||
Restorative United Army | Peru–Bolivian Confederation | |||||||
Restoration of the Republic of Peru | ||||||||
7 | Agustín Gamarra[14] | 20 January 1839[15] | 15 August 1839 | Open Cabildo[16][17] Occupation of Ejercito Unido Restaurador |
Military | Cusco | ||
15 August 1839 | 10 July 1840 | Appointed by Congress[16] | ||||||
10 July 1840 | 18 November 1841 (†) | Election[18] | ||||||
Military anarchy (1842–1844) | ||||||||
8 | Manuel Menéndez[14] | 18 November 1841 | 16 August 1842 | Constitutional Succession[19] | Independent | Lima | ||
9 | Juan Francisco de Vidal La Hoz[14] | 20 October 1842 | 15 March 1843 | Constitutional Succession[19][20][21] | Military | Supe | ||
10 | Manuel Ignacio de Vivanco[14] | 27 March 1843 | 7 April 1843 | Coup d'état conspired between Vivanco and Pezet | Military | Lima | ||
7 April 1843 | 17 June 1844 | Coup d'état[22][23] | ||||||
Military anarchy (1842–1844) | ||||||||
11 | Manuel Menéndez[14] | 7 October 1844 | 20 April 1845 | Spare in office[24] | Independent | Lima | ||
12 | Ramón Castilla[25] | 20 April 1845 | 20 April 1851 | Election[26][27] | Military | Tarapaca | ||
13 | José Rufino Echenique[25] | 20 April 1851 | 5 January 1855 | Election[28] | Military | Puno | ||
14 | Ramón Castilla[25] | 5 January 1855 | 24 October 1858 | Coup d'état[29] | Military | Tarapaca | ||
24 October 1858 | 24 October 1862 | Election[30] | ||||||
15 | Miguel de San Román[25] | 24 October 1862 | 3 April 1863 (†) | Election | Military | Puno | ||
16 | Juan Antonio Pezet[25] | 5 August 1863 | 8 November 1865 | Constitutional Succession | Military | Lima | ||
17 | Mariano Ignacio Prado[25] | 28 November 1865 | 15 February 1867 | Coup d'état[31][32] | Military | Huanuco | ||
15 February 1867 | 31 August 1867 | Appointed by Congress[33] | ||||||
31 August 1867 | 7 January 1868 | Election[34] | ||||||
18 | Pedro Diez Canseco Corbacho[35] | 7 January 1868 | 2 August 1868 | Pezet Constitutional Succession[36] | Military | Arequipa | ||
19 | José Balta[35] | 2 August 1868 | 22 July 1872 | Election[37] | Military | Lima | ||
20 | Manuel Pardo y Lavalle[35] | 2 August 1872 | 2 August 1876 | Election[38] | Civilista Party | Lima | ||
War of the Pacific started on 5 April 1879 | ||||||||
21 | Mariano Ignacio Prado[35] | 2 August 1876 | 18 December 1879 | Election[39] | Civilista Party | Huanuco | ||
22 | Luis La Puerta[35] | 18 December 1879 | 23 December 1879 | Constitutional Succession[40] | Civilista Party | Cusco | ||
23 | Nicolás de Piérola[35] | 23 December 1879 | 28 July 1881 | Open cabildo[41] | Independent | Arequipa | ||
31 July 1881 | 28 December 1881 | Appointed by the National Assembly of Ayacucho[42] | ||||||
24 | Francisco García Calderón[43] | 12 March 1881 | 10 July 1881 | Council of Notables[44] | Independent | Arequipa | ||
10 July 1881 | 6 November 1881 | Ratified by the Congress of Chorrillos[45][46] | ||||||
25 | Lizardo Montero[43] | 28 September 1881 | 28 October 1883 | Constitutional Succession
(Vice President) |
Civilista Party | Ayabaca | ||
26 | Miguel Iglesias[43] | 30 December 1882 | 1 March 1884 | Appointed by Constituent Assembly of the North[47] | Military | Celendín | ||
1 March 1884 | 3 December 1885 | Appointed by Constituent Assembly[48][49] | ||||||
War of the Pacific ended on 4 April 1884 | ||||||||
27 | Andrés Avelino Cáceres[43][50] | 3 June 1886 | 10 August 1890 | Election 1886 | Constitutional Party | Ayacucho | ||
28 | Remigio Morales Bermúdez[50] | 10 August 1890 | 1 April 1894 (†) | Election 1890 | Constitutional Party | Tarapaca | ||
29 | Justiniano Borgoño[51] | 1 April 1894 | 10 August 1894 | Sucesión Constitucional
(Vicepresidente) |
Constitutional Party | Trujillo | ||
30 | Andrés Avelino Cáceres[51] | 10 August 1894 | 20 March 1895 | Election 1894 | Constitutional Party | Ayacucho | ||
31 | Nicolás de Piérola[51] | 8 September 1895 | 8 September 1899 | Election 1895 | Democratic Party | Arequipa | ||
32 | Eduardo López de Romaña[51] | 8 September 1899 | 8 September 1903 | Election 1899 | Civilista Party - Democratic Party | Arequipa | ||
33 | Manuel Candamo[51] | 8 September 1903 | 7 May 1904 (†) | Election 1903 | Civilista Party | Lima | ||
34 | Serapio Calderón[51] | 7 May 1904 | 24 September 1904 | Constitutional succession
(2º Vice President) |
Civilista Party | Cusco | ||
35 | José Pardo y Barreda[52] | 24 September 1904 | 24 September 1908 | Election 1904 | Civilista Party | Lima | ||
36 | Augusto Leguía[52] | 24 September 1908 | 24 September 1912 | Election 1908 | Civilista Party | Lambayeque | ||
37 | Guillermo Billinghurst[52] | 24 September 1912 | 4 February 1914 | Election 1912 | Democratic Party | Arica | ||
38 | Oscar Benavides[52] | 4 February 1914 | 15 May 1914 | Coup d'état[53] | Military | Lima | ||
15 May 1914 | 18 August 1915 | Appointed by Congress[54] | ||||||
39 | José Pardo y Barreda[52] | 18 August 1915 | 4 July 1919 | Election 1915 | Civilista Party | Lima | ||
40 | Augusto Leguía[52] | 4 July 1919 | 12 October 1919 | Coup d'état 1919 | Independent | Lambayeque | ||
12 October 1919 | 12 October 1924 | Election 1919 | Reformist Democratic Party | |||||
12 October 1924 | 12 October 1929 | Election 1924 | ||||||
12 October 1929 | 25 August 1930 | Election 1929 | ||||||
41 | Luis Miguel Sánchez Cerro[55] | 27 August 1930 | 1 March 1931 | Coup d'état 1930 | Military | Piura | ||
Luis Miguel Sánchez Cerro[55] | 8 December 1931 | 30 April 1933 (†) | Election 1931 | Revolutionary Union | ||||
42 | Oscar Benavides[56] | 30 April 1933 | 8 December 1939 | Appointed by Congress[57] | Military | Lima | ||
43 | Manuel Prado Ugarteche[58][59] | 8 December 1939 | 28 July 1945 | Election 1939 | Conservative Coalition | Lima | ||
44 | José Luis Bustamante y Rivero[60] | 28 July 1945 | 29 October 1948 | Election 1945 | National Democratic Front | Arequipa | ||
45 | Manuel Odría[61][62] | 1 November 1948 | 1 June 1950 | Coup d'état 1948 | Military | Tarma | ||
28 July 1950 | 28 July 1956 | Election 1950 | Odriist National Union | |||||
46 | Manuel Prado Ugarteche[63] | 28 July 1956 | 18 July 1962 | Election 1956 | Peruvian Democratic Movement | Lima | ||
47 | Ricardo Pérez Godoy[64] | 18 July 1962 | 3 March 1963 | Coup d'état 1962 | Military | Lima | ||
48 | Nicolás Lindley López[65] | 3 March 1963 | 28 July 1963 | Succession
(De facto) |
Military | Lima | ||
49 | Fernando Belaúnde Terry[66] | 28 July 1963 | 3 October 1968 | Election 1963 | Popular Action | Lima | ||
50 | Juan Velasco Alvarado[67][68] | 3 October 1968 | 30 August 1975 | Coup d'état 1968 | Military | Piura | ||
51 | Francisco Morales Bermúdez[69] | 30 August 1975 | 28 July 1980 | Coup d'état 1975 | Military | Lima | ||
52 | Fernando Belaúnde Terry[70][71] | 28 July 1980 | 28 July 1985 | Election 1980 | Popular Action | Lima | ||
53 | Alan García[72] | 28 July 1985 | 28 July 1990 | Election 1985 | American Popular Revolutionary Alliance | Lima | ||
54 | Alberto Fujimori[73][74] | 28 July 1990 | 5 April 1992 | Election 1990 | Cambio 90 | Lima | ||
22 April 1992 | 9 January 1993 | Coup d'état 1992 | ||||||
9 January 1993 | 28 July 1995 | Ratified by Democratic Constituent Congress | ||||||
28 July 1995 | 28 July 2000 | Election 1995 | Cambio 90 - New Majority | |||||
28 July 2000 | 21 November 2000 | Election 2000 | Peru 2000 | |||||
55 | Valentín Paniagua | 22 November 2000 | 28 July 2001 | Impeachment Against Alberto Fujimori | Popular Action | Cusco | ||
56 | Alejandro Toledo | 28 July 2001 | 28 July 2006 | Election 2001 | Possible Peru | Ancash | ||
57 | Alan García | 28 July 2006 | 28 July 2011 | Election 2006 | American Popular Revolutionary Alliance | Lima | ||
58 | Ollanta Humala | 28 July 2011 | 28 July 2016 | Election 2011 | Peruvian Nationalist Party | Lima | ||
59 | Pedro Pablo Kuczynski | 28 July 2016 | 23 March 2018 | Election 2016 | Peruvians for Change | Lima | ||
60 | Martín Vizcarra | 23 March 2018 | 9 November 2020 | Resignation of Pedro Pablo Kuczynski | Independent | Lima | ||
61 | Manuel Merino | 10 November 2020 | 15 November 2020 | Impeachment Against Martin Vizcarra | Popular Action | Tumbes | ||
62 | Francisco Sagasti | 17 November 2020 | 28 July 2021 | Resignation of Manuel Merino | Purple Party | Lima | ||
63 | Pedro Castillo | 28 July 2021 | 7 December 2022 | Election 2021 | Free Peru | Cajamarca | ||
64 | Dina Boluarte | 7 December 2022 | Incumbent | Impeachment Against Pedro Castillo | Independent | Chalhuanca |
ReferencesEdit
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Basadre, Jorge (2014-12-04). Historia de la República del Perú (in Spanish). Producciones Cantabria S.A.C. p. 298. ISBN 978-612-306-353-5.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ↑ "Nombramiento de José de la Riva Agüero como Presidente de la República, 28 febrero de 1823" (PDF).
- ↑ "Nombramiento del Gran Mariscal José Bernardo de Tagle como Presidente de la República del Perú, 16 agosto de 1823" (PDF).
- ↑ "Se nombra Presidente Constitucional de la República al Gran Mariscal José Bernardo Tagle y Portocarrero, 18 noviembre de 1823" (PDF).
- ↑ "Decreto disponiendo que el Libertador Simón Bolívar asuma la suprema autoridad política y militar".
- ↑ "Decreto encargándole la autoridad suprema, 1 de setiembre de 1826".
- ↑ "Decreto mandando cumplir la ley que lo nombra Presidente de la República y vicepresidente a Manuel Salazar y Baquíjano, 10 de junio de 1827" (PDF).
- ↑ "Ley nombrándo Presidente de la República al Gral. Agustín Gamarra y Vicepresidente al general Antonio G. de La Fuente, 31 de agosto de 1829" (PDF).
- ↑ "Ley proclamándolo Presidente de la República, 19 de diciembre de 1829".
- ↑ Basadre, Jorge (2014-12-04). Historia de la República del Perú (in Spanish). Producciones Cantabria S.A.C. p. 68. ISBN 978-612-306-353-5.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ↑ "Ley nombrándo Presidente Provisional de la República al Gran Mariscal Luis José de Orbegoso, 20 de diciembre de 1833" (PDF).
- ↑ Basadre, Jorge (2014-12-04). Historia de la República del Perú. Producciones Cantabria S.A.C. p. 140. ISBN 978-612-306-353-5.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ↑ "Decreto asumiendo el mando de la República, Gral. Felipe Santiago Salaverry del Solar, 25 de febrero de 1835" (PDF).
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 Basadre, Jorge (2014). Historia de la República del Perú (in Spanish). Producciones Cantabria S.A.C. p. 130. ISBN 978-612-306-353-5.
- ↑ * Proclaimed (Open cabildo): 24 August 1838
- De facto effective after victory in the Battle of Yungay: 20 January 1839
- ↑ 16.0 16.1 "Ley nombrándolo Presidente Provisorio al General Agustín Gamarra, 15 de agosto de 1839" (PDF).
- ↑ "Acuerdo del Cabildo abierto encargando al Mariscal Agustín Gamarra el Poder Ejecutivo el 24 de agosto de 1838".
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ↑ "Ley proclamándolo Presidente Constitucional de la República al Gran Mariscal Agustín Gamarra, 11 de julio de 1840" (PDF).
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ↑ 19.0 19.1 Congress of the Republic of Peru (November 10, 1839). "Constitución del Perú (1839)".
Art. 82º.- Cuando vacare la Presidencia de la República por muerte, pacto atentatorio, renuncia o perpétua imposibilidad física o moral, se encargará provisionalmente del Poder Ejecutivo el Presidente del Consejo de Estado, quien en estos casos convocará a los Colegios Electorales dentro de los primeros diez días de su Gobierno para la elección del Presidente.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ↑ Congress of the Republic of Peru (November 10, 1839). "Constitución del Perú (1839)".
Art. 101º.- Para reemplazar al Presidente del Consejo en cualquiera ocurrencia, hará sus veces el Vicepresidente que también nombrará el Congreso, y asimismo un tercero para los casos
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ↑ "Proclama al Perú del Vicepresidente del Consejo de Estado, encargado del Poder Ejecutivo de la República, General Francisco Vidal, el 29 de octubre de 1842".
- ↑ "Proclama del Gral. Manuel Ignacio de Vivanco Iturralde, Supremo Director a los habitantes de la capital el 8 de abril de 1843".
- ↑ "Decreto declarando nulos sus actos administrativos del titulado Supremo DIrector, 12 de octubre de 1844".
- ↑ "Resignando la autoridad en el Presidente del Consejo de Estado".
- ↑ 25.0 25.1 25.2 25.3 25.4 25.5 Basadre, Jorge (2014). Historia de la República del Perú (in Spanish). Producciones Cantabria S.A.C. p. 222. ISBN 978-612-306-353-5.
- ↑ "Ley proclamándolo Presidente Constitucional de la República al General Ramón Castilla, 19 de abril de 1845".
- ↑ "Juramento del Presidente de la República" (PDF).
- ↑ "Ley 2 abril 1851 proclamando Presidente de la República al general Echenique" (PDF).
- ↑ "Proclama del libertador Ramón Castilla a los pueblos del Perú, el 6 de enero de 1855".
- ↑ "Proclamando Presidente de la República al Gran Mariscal Ramon Castilla" (PDF).
- ↑ "Decreto asumiendo el mando, bajo la denominación de Jefe Supremo Provisorio de la República, 28 de noviembre de 1865".
- ↑ "Decreto asumiendo el mando, bajo la denominación de Jefe Supremo Provisorio de la República, 28 de" (PDF).
- ↑ "Ley que lo nombra Presidente Provisorio de la República, 15 de febrero de 1867".
- ↑ "Ley que lo proclama Presidente de la República el 29 de agosto de 1867" (PDF).
- ↑ 35.0 35.1 35.2 35.3 35.4 35.5 Basadre, Jorge (2014). Historia de la República del Perú (in Spanish). Producciones Cantabria S.A.C. p. 102. ISBN 978-612-306-353-5.
- ↑ "Bando reconociendo la autoridad del Segundo Vicepresidente de la República, Gral. Pedro Diez Canseco, 7 de enero de 1868".
- ↑ "Ley 1 de agosto Proclamando Presidente Constitucional de la República al ciudadano Don Jose Balta" (PDF).
- ↑ "Ley que proclama Presidente Constitucional de la República a Manuel Pardo y Lavalle, 1 de agosto de 1872".
- ↑ "Ley 1 de agosto de 1876 eligiendo y proclamando Presidente Constitucional a Mariano Ignacio Prado" (PDF).
- ↑ "Decreto 18 de diciembre de 1879. Asumiendo la Presidencia de la República el primer Vice-Presidente, Luis La Puerta" (PDF).
- ↑ "Cabildo Abierto le encarga la suprema magistratura, Lima, 23 de diciembre de 1879".
- ↑ "La asamblea nacional nombrea Nicolas de Piérola Presidente de la República, Ayacucho, 31 de julio 1881".
- ↑ 43.0 43.1 43.2 43.3 Basadre, Jorge (2014-12-04). Historia de la República del Perú (in Spanish). Producciones Cantabria S.A.C. p. 208. ISBN 978-612-306-353-5.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ↑ Cuya Vera, Ricardo (October 13, 2017). "Francisco García Calderón Landa: Presidente del Perú".
en Lima, los "vecinos notables" se reunieron el 12 de marzo de 1881 y eligieron a Francisco García Calderón como Presidente Provisional de la República.
- ↑ Ayllón Dulanto, Fernando. "FRANCISCO GARCÍA CALDERÓN LANDA" (PDF).
El Congreso ratificó el nombramiento de García Calderón como Presidente Provisorio
- ↑ "Mensaje a la nación ante el Congreso de Chorrillos el 10 de julio de 1881".
- ↑ "Ley eligiéndolo Presidente Regenerador de la República al General Miguel Iglesias, Cajamarca, 30 de diciembre de 1882".
- ↑ "Decreto nombrándo al Gral. Miguel Iglesias Presidente Provisorio de la República, 1 de marzo de 1884".
- ↑ "Renuncia del Presidente Provisorio de la República, Gral. Miguel Iglesias, 3 de diciembre de 1885".
- ↑ 50.0 50.1 Basadre, Jorge (2014-12-04). Historia de la República del Perú (in Spanish). Producciones Cantabria S.A.C. p. 200. ISBN 978-612-306-353-5.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ↑ 51.0 51.1 51.2 51.3 51.4 51.5 Basadre, Jorge (2014-12-04). Historia de la República del Perú (in Spanish). Producciones Cantabria S.A.C. p. 66. ISBN 978-612-306-353-5.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ↑ 52.0 52.1 52.2 52.3 52.4 52.5 Basadre, Jorge (2014-12-04). Historia de la República del Perú (in Spanish). Producciones Cantabria S.A.C. p. 186. ISBN 978-612-306-353-5.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ↑ "Proclama del coronel don Oscar Benavides, quien se ha hecho cargo del mando supremo de la República" (PDF).
- ↑ "RESOLUCIÓN LEGISLATIVA Nº 1958 ENCARGA LA PRESIDENCIA PROVISORIA DE LA REPÚBLICA AL CORONEL ÓSCAR R. BENAVIDES".
- ↑ 55.0 55.1 Basadre, Jorge (2014-12-04). Historia de la República del Perú (in Spanish). Producciones Cantabria S.A.C. p. 284. ISBN 978-612-306-353-5.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ↑ Basadre, Jorge (2014-12-04). Historia de la República del Perú (in Spanish). Producciones Cantabria S.A.C. p. 25. ISBN 978-612-306-353-5.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ↑ "MENSAJE DEL PRESIDENTE DEL PERÚ, GENERAL DE DIVISIÓN ÓSCAR R. BENAVIDES LARREA, ANTE EL CONGRESO NACIONAL, EL 30 DE ABRIL DE 1933". www.congreso.gob.pe. Retrieved 2021-01-23.
- ↑ Basadre, Jorge (2014-12-04). Historia de la República del Perú (in Spanish). Producciones Cantabria S.A.C. p. 30. ISBN 978-612-306-353-5.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ↑ Basadre, Jorge (2014-12-04). Historia de la República del Perú (in Spanish). Producciones Cantabria S.A.C. p. 31. ISBN 978-612-306-353-5.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ↑ Basadre, Jorge (2014-12-04). Historia de la República del Perú (in Spanish). Producciones Cantabria S.A.C. p. 34. ISBN 978-612-306-353-5.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ↑ Basadre, Jorge (2014-12-04). Historia de la República del Perú (in Spanish). Producciones Cantabria S.A.C. p. 110. ISBN 978-612-306-353-5.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ↑ Basadre, Jorge (2014-12-04). Historia de la República del Perú (in Spanish). Producciones Cantabria S.A.C. p. 111. ISBN 978-612-306-353-5.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ↑ Basadre, Jorge (2014-12-04). Historia de la República del Perú (in Spanish). Producciones Cantabria S.A.C. p. 140. ISBN 978-612-306-353-5.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ↑ Basadre, Jorge (2014-12-04). Historia de la República del Perú (in Spanish). Producciones Cantabria S.A.C. p. 144. ISBN 978-612-306-353-5.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ↑ Basadre, Jorge (2014-12-04). Historia de la República del Perú (in Spanish). Producciones Cantabria S.A.C. p. 147. ISBN 978-612-306-353-5.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ↑ Basadre, Jorge (2014-12-04). Historia de la República del Perú (in Spanish). Producciones Cantabria S.A.C. p. 149. ISBN 978-612-306-353-5.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ↑ Basadre, Jorge (2014-12-04). Historia de la República del Perú (in Spanish). Producciones Cantabria S.A.C. p. 176. ISBN 978-612-306-353-5.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ↑ Basadre, Jorge (2014-12-04). Historia de la República del Perú (in Spanish). Producciones Cantabria S.A.C. p. 180. ISBN 978-612-306-353-5.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ↑ Basadre, Jorge (2014-12-04). Historia de la República del Perú (in Spanish). Producciones Cantabria S.A.C. p. 190. ISBN 978-612-306-353-5.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ↑ Basadre, Jorge (2014-12-04). Historia de la República del Perú (in Spanish). Producciones Cantabria S.A.C. p. 213. ISBN 978-612-306-353-5.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ↑ Basadre, Jorge (2014-12-04). Historia de la República del Perú (in Spanish). Producciones Cantabria S.A.C. p. 214. ISBN 978-612-306-353-5.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ↑ Basadre, Jorge (2014-12-04). Historia de la República del Perú (in Spanish). Producciones Cantabria S.A.C. p. 225. ISBN 978-612-306-353-5.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ↑ Basadre, Jorge (2014-12-04). Historia de la República del Perú (in Spanish). Producciones Cantabria S.A.C. p. 237. ISBN 978-612-306-353-5.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ↑ Basadre, Jorge (2014-12-04). Historia de la República del Perú (in Spanish). Producciones Cantabria S.A.C. p. 249. ISBN 978-612-306-353-5.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: date and year (link)