List of scientists
This is a list of noted scientists ordered by by nationality.
Contents
AfghanistanEdit
- Ashraf Ghani, President of Afghanistan (as of 2017); he is a scientist in the field of Anthropology
- Abdul Karim Mustaghni, was Defense Minister of Afghanistan; died in 2004
AlbaniaEdit
- Ferid Murad - he has a Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
ArgentinaEdit
- Ernesto Sabato - he got the award, Legion of Honour; his field was Physics; he died in 2011
ArmeniaEdit
- Boris Babaian[1][2][3][4][5] - he got the awards (from the Soviet Union): the USSR State Prize for his achievements in 1974 in the field of computer-aided design, and the Lenin Prize in 1987 for the Elbrus-2 supercomputer design. Since 1984, he has been a corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences (later - Russian Academy of Sciences)
AustraliaEdit
- Peter C. Doherty[6] - he got the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine; his fields of science are Medicine and veterinary science.
- Peter Gavin Hall, one of only three researchers based outside of North America to win the COPSS presidents' Award; Mathematics, statistics; died in 2016
AustriaEdit
- Peter M. Gruber, Fellow of the American Mathematical Society, for "contributions to the geometry of numbers and to convex and discrete geometry";[7][8] Geometric number theory,[9] and convex and discrete geometry;[7][8] died in 2017
AzerbaijanEdit
- Lotfi A. Zadeh - pioneer (or one of the earliest scientists) of fuzzy logic; computer scientist, electrical engineer, mathematician; d. in 2017
BangladeshEdit
- Muhammed Zafar Iqbal - he has a Bangladesh National Film Awards for Best Story; he is a scholar of engineering and computer science.
BelarusiaEdit
- Lev Vygotsky, credited for starting the concept, zone of proximal development, or ZPD, which is the difference between what a learner can do without help and what he or she cannot do;[10][11] Psychology; died in 1934
BelgiumEdit
BelizeEdit
- Janet Gibson - she got the Goldman Environmental Prize in 1990;[12] she is a zoologist (and therefore also a biologist).
- Andrea Gill[13] - she is a former president of the Senate of Belize; biologist
BermudaEdit
- Louis L. Mowbray - he successfully bred the first Galapagos tortoises and Galapagos penguins in captivity; he was a naturalist and an ornithologist; death in 1952
- David B. Wingate (He got the awards, the Queen’s Honours (UK); and (UN's) Global 500 Award)[14]
BoliviaEdit
- Roberto Iván Aguilar Gómez.[15][16][17] - minister of the Ministry of Education; economist
Bosnia and HerzegovinaEdit
- Alojz Benac - became a corresponding member of the Yugoslav/Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts; Archeology; died in 1992.
BrazilEdit
- Fernando Henrique Cardoso, sociologist and former President
- Adib Jatene, was Minister of Health; heart surgeon; died in 2014
- Warwick Estevam Kerr, is a member of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences, Foreign Associate of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA,[18] and of the Third World Academy of Sciences; member of the National Order of Scientific Merit; Genetics, Biology, Agronomy, Entomology
- Fritz Müller, known for Müllerian mimicry; Evolutionary biology; died in 1897
BulgariaEdit
- Lyubomir Ivanov, got the award, Acad. Nikola Obreshkov Prize, the highest Bulgarian award in mathematics.[19]; Linguistics, Mathematics
CanadaEdit
CzechiaEdit
ChileEdit
ChinaEdit
- Shen Kuo, was finance minister; Astronomy; died in 1095
- Tong Dizhou, the first to successfully clone a fish;[20] Embryology; died in 1979
- Tu Youyou, got the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine; scientist within Pharmacology
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- Chien-Shiung Wu, known for the Wu experiment (en); Nuclear physics; died in 1997
- Xu Guangxian, was president of the Chinese Chemical Society; Chemistry; died in 2015
- Zhang Heng, made the first seismometer; Astronomy, engineering, meteorology, geology, philosophy, and mathematics; died in 139 A.D.
CroatiaEdit
- Roger Joseph Boscovich, maker of a precursor of atomic theory; made the first geometric procedure for finding out the equator of a rotating planet from three observations of a surface feature and for computing the orbit of a planet from three observations of its position; discoverer of the absence of atmosphere on the Moon;[21] he was from a city in what later became Croatia; died in 1787
CzechiaEdit
- Petr Vopěnka, he developed Alternative set theory; died in 2015
DenmarkEdit
EgyptEdit
- Ibrahim Abouleish, founder of SEKEM - an organization for biodynamic farming methods; got the Right Livelihood Award; Pharmacology; died in 2017
- Boutros Boutros-Ghali, was United Nations Secretary-General; a leading figure in the peace process between Egypt and Israel; Law; died in 2016
- Mamdouh Eldamaty, is a former Minister of Antiquities; Egyptology
- Euclid of Alexandria, known for Euclidean geometry, Euclid's Elements, Euclidean algorithm; died in the middle of 3rd century BC
- Ahmed Zewail, got Nobel Prize for Chemistry; Chemistry; 2016
EstoniaEdit
- Karl Ernst von Baer, Embryology (within Biology); died in 1876
- Madis Kõiv - he got the award, the Tuglas short story award; physicist, writer and philosopher; died in 2014
FijiEdit
FranceEdit
- Jacqueline Naze Tjøtta, the first female mathematical sciences professor in Norway;[22] Applied mathematics, she died in 2017
FinlandEdit
GeorgiaEdit
- Tamaz V. Gamkrelidze[23][24][25] - a former member of the Parliament of Georgia; he is an assyriologist (and therefore a linguist)
- Jamshid Giunashvili[26] - he was a linguist (Iranologist); died in 2017
GermanyEdit
- Fritz Müller, known for Müllerian mimicry; Evolutionary biology; died in 1897
Great BritainEdit
EnglandEdit
- Charles Babbage, credited with inventing the first mechanical computer (or analytical engine);[27][28] died in 1871
- Alan Turing, he was important in the development of theoretical computer science,[29][30][31][32] and is known for the Turing machine, which can be considered a model of a general purpose computer; died in 1954
GreeceEdit
GuatemalaEdit
- Ricardo Bressani, one of the 42 founding members of the Third World Academy of Sciences, later known as The World Academy of Sciences;[33] Biochemistry, Nutrition; died in 2015[34]
GuyanaEdit
- Opendra Narayan[35] - he is known for engineering a type of HIV that could cause AIDS-like disease in monkeys;[35]; the veterinarian died in 2007
HaitiEdit
- Jean-Baptiste Chavannes - he got the Goldman Environmental Prize for his work on forest protection; he is an agronomist.[36]
HollandEdit
HondurasEdit
- Julieta Castellanos - she has the award, the the International Women of Courage Award from the U.S. State Department.[37]
HungaryEdit
- János Bolyai, one of the founders of non-Euclidean geometry — a geometry that differs from Euclidean geometry in its definition of parallel lines; Mathematics; died in 1860
- Paul Erdős, published around 1,500 mathematical papers during his lifetime, a figure that remains unsurpassed;[38] died 1996
IcelandEdit
- Gísli Guðjónsson - he is the creator of the Gudjonsson suggestibility scale
IndiaEdit
IndiaEdit
- Satyendra Nath Bose, known for Bose–Einstein condensate and Bose–Einstein statistics; Mathematics, Physics; died in 1974
- Srinivasa Ramanujan, known for Landau–Ramanujan constant, Mock theta functions, Ramanujan conjecture, Ramanujan prime, Ramanujan–Soldner constant, Ramanujan theta function, Ramanujan's sum, Rogers–Ramanujan identities, Ramanujan's master theorem; Fellow of the Royal Society; Mathematics; died in 1920
IndonesiaEdit
- Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie - a former president of Indonesia; scientist of aerospace engineering
ItalyEdit
- Gerolamo Cardano, he invented - partially - the gimbal consisting of three concentric rings allowing a supported compass or gyroscope to rotate freely, and the Cardan shaft;[39] died in 1576
IranEdit
JapanEdit
- Motoo Kimura, and one other, introduced [or where the first to present] the neutral theory of molecular evolution;[40][41] Population geneticis, Evolutionary biology; died in 1994
KazakhstanEdit
- Askar Dzhumadildayev[42][43][44] - member of the Kazakhstan National Academy of Science.[42] He is a former member of Supreme Council of Kazakh SSR and Republic of Kazakhstan; he is a mathematician and physicist.
KosovoEdit
- Idriz Ajeti (the first chief of Kosova Academy of Sciences and Arts)[45]
KyrgyzstanEdit
- Askar Akayev - he is a former president of Kyrgyzstan; he is a natural scientist.
LaosEdit
- Daosavanh Sanamxay - the discoverer of the Laotian giant flying squirrel(en);[46] biologist
LatviaEdit
- Rūsiņš Mārtiņš Freivalds, discovered Freivalds' algorithm for checking the correctness of matrix products; Theoretical computer science; died in 2016
MacedoniaEdit
- Ratko Janev, a member of the Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts; Atomic physics
MoroccoEdit
- Ibn Ghazi al-Miknasi, wrote Meknes's history and a commentary to the treatise of Ibn al-Banna; a work that explained the mentioned work, was named ["The desire of students for an explanation of the calculator's craving"] Bughyat al-tulab fi sharh munyat al-hussab (including, arithmetic and algebraic methods).[47] Mathematics, linguistics; died in 1513
NepalEdit
- Kumud Dhital - he is one of the members of the team that first transplanted a heart donated after circulatory death (DCD), where the heart has stopped beating;[48] he is a surgeon.
New ZealandEdit
- Nancy Adams, got the awards, Queen's Service Order, and the New Zealand 1990 Commemoration Medal.[49] Botany; died in 2007
- Margaret Cruickshank, the first registered woman doctor in New Zealand; died in 1918
- Fred Hollows; Medicine, surgery, ophthalmology; died in 1993
- Ernest Rutherford - he got the Nobel Prize in Chemistry; nuclear physicist, and chemist; he died in 1937
- Pat Suggate, creator of the the "Suggate rank scheme", which is used internationally by oil exploration companies to measure the oil and gas potential of sedimentary rocks;[50][51] fellowship at Royal Society of New Zealand; died in 2016
- Maurice Wilkins, got the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine; his fields were Physics, Molecular biology; died in 2004
North KoreaEdit
- Ri Sung-gi (He is the inventor of Vinalon, and he got the Lenin Prize)
NorwayEdit
- Niels Henrik Abel, did the first complete proof demonstrating the impossibility of solving the general quintic equation (en) in radicals; died in 1829 [52]
RomaniaEdit
- Ion Creangă - he wrote books, including Childhood Memories; the education theorist died in 1889
- Solomon Marcus, recognised[53][54][55] as an initiator of (, or one of the people that started) mathematical linguistics, and mathematical poetics; also a semiotician, he died in 2016
- George Emil Palade - he and two others got one Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine; the cell biologist died in 2008.
- Ion Heliade Rădulescu - the first president of the Romanian Academy; the linguist died in 1802
- Codrin Țapu - known as a writer about hypostatic approach to personality, [56] and hypostatic abstraction" (en);[57] he is a psychologist
RussiaEdit
Solomon IslandsEdit
- Hikuna Judge, collected the first known sample of the Vangunu giant rat; Tyrone Lavery and Judge gave the first species description (for the Vangunu giant rat)[58]
South AfricaEdit
South KoreaEdit
- Yanghee Choi - he is a former minister of Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning;[59] he is a computer scientist.
SwedenEdit
SwitzerlandEdit
- Leonhard Euler, was the first to show the notion of (or idea about), a mathematical function; [60] died in 1783
SyriaEdit
- Al-Battani, known for showing several relations within trigonometry; he lived and worked in a city that now belongs to Syria; died in 929
ThailandEdit
- Phraya Anuman Ratchathon[61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69] - he was the first Thai scholar to conduct a serious study of Thai folkloristics, taking notes on the nocturnal village spirits of Thai folklore; the anthropologist and ethnographer died in 1969
TunisiaEdit
- Abbas Bahri, introduced the method of the critical points at infinity, which is a fundamental step in the calculus of variations; Mathematics, Variational analysis; died in 2016
TurkeyEdit
- Feza Gürsey, took part in the formulation of E(6) grand unified theories;[70] Mathematical physics; died in 1992
UkraineEdit
- Kostiantyn Sytnyk - he was a Chairman of the Verkhovna Rada (a parliament) of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic; Botany; he died in 2017
United StatesEdit
- Thomas Edison[71] - he and his workers made "the first practical incandescent light bulb"; [72] died in 1931
- Benjamin Franklin[73], President of Pennsylvania, died in 1790
VietnamEdit
- Ngô Bảo Châu - best known for proving the fundamental lemma for automorphic forms (en). He is the first Vietnamese national to have received the Fields Medal;[74][75][76][77][78] mathematician
Related pagesEdit
ReferencesEdit
- ↑ "Elbrus E2K".
- ↑ Boris A. Babayan Intel Fellow, Software and Solutions Group. Director, Architecture
- ↑ "Бабаян Борис Арташесович на IT-VIP". www.it-vip.ru.
- ↑ "Babayan receives Intel Fellow title (in Russian)".
- ↑ The Elbrus-2: a Soviet-era high performance computer – history of the Elbrus project with an 18-minute video interview from the Computer History Museum oral history collection
- ↑ "25 Famous Australian Scientists and their Contributions".
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 2014 Class of the Fellows of the AMS, American Mathematical Society, retrieved 2013-11-04.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 "Peter M. Gruber – ein Nachruf". tuwien.ac.at. Retrieved 14 March 2017.
- ↑ Zong, Chuanming. "Geometry of Numbers in Vienna". The mathematical intelligencer 31 (3): 25–31. doi:10.1007/s00283-009-9042-1.
- ↑ Zone of proximal development. (2009). In Penguin dictionary of psychology. Retrieved from Credo Reference database
- ↑ Stanlaw, J. (2005). Vygotsky, lev semenovich (1896--1934). In Encyclopedia of anthropology. Retrieved from Credo Reference Database
- ↑ "WCS Scientist Honored by Queen Elizabeth II > Newsroom". newsroom.wcs.org.
- ↑ "Senator Andrea Gill". Bemopan, Belize: National Assembly of Belize. 16 October 2008. Retrieved 16 September 2015.
- ↑ "Dr David Wingate Bio Bermuda".
- ↑ "Conozca a los 12 candidatos de La Paz". Caracol Radio. 2006-06-27. Retrieved 2011-06-03.
- ↑ "Evo elige nuevos mandos en la Aduana y Ministerio de Educación". BolPress. 2008-11-07. Retrieved 2011-06-03.
- ↑ "CIA World Leaders".
- ↑ "National Academy of Sciences". nas.nasonline.org.
- ↑ The Academician Nikola Obreshkov Prize for 1987
- ↑ Liao L, Li L, Zhao RC (June 2007). "Stem cell research in China". Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond., B, Biol. Sci. 362 (1482): 1107–12. doi:10.1098/rstb.2007.2037. PMC 2435574. PMID 17341453.
- ↑ Энциклопедия для детей (астрономия). Москва: Аванта+. 1998. ISBN 978-5-89501-016-7.
- ↑ Berntsen, Jarle; Lunde, Per (16 March 2017). "Nekrolog: Jacqueline Andreè Naze Tjøtta". Aftenposten (in Norwegian). Retrieved 26 March 2017.
- ↑ Georgian Academy of Sciences (GAS)
- ↑ "ივანე ჯავახიშვილის სახელობის თბილისის სახელმწიფო უნივერსიტეტი". ივანე ჯავახიშვილის სახელობის თბილისის სახელმწიფო უნივერსიტეტი.
- ↑ Home Page of Tamaz Gamkrelidze (2015-07-05 not accessible)
- ↑ ფერეიიდანი, ჯემშიდ გიუნაშვილი - მეგობრობის მაცნე (in Georgian)
- ↑ Copeland, B. Jack (Dec 18, 2000). "The Modern History of Computing (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)". Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved 1 March 2017.
- ↑ Newman, M.H.A. (1948). ‘General Principles of the Design of All-Purpose Computing Machines’. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, series A, 195. pp. 271–274.
- ↑ Newman, M. H. A. (1955). "Alan Mathison Turing. 1912–1954". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 1: 253–263. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1955.0019.
- ↑ Gray, Paul (29 March 1999). "Alan Turing – Time 100 People of the Century". Time.
Providing a blueprint for the electronic digital computer. The fact remains that everyone who taps at a keyboard, opening a spreadsheet or a word-processing program, is working on an incarnation of a Turing machine.
- ↑ Sipser 2006, p. 137
- ↑ Beavers 2013, p. 481
- ↑ "TWAS's 42 Founding Members". The World Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 3 June 2016.
- ↑ "El país pierde a dos genios" (in Spanish). Retrieved 31 January 2015.
- ↑ 35.0 35.1 Shilpa Buch, Barry T. Rouse, Howard E. Gendelman, M. Christine Zink and Janice E. Clements (January 2008). "Opendra "Bill" Narayan (1936–2007): A Personal Tribute to a Friend, Teacher, and Colleague". Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology 3 (1): 1–4. doi:10.1007/s11481-008-9101-y.
- ↑ "Islands & Island Nations 2005 – Chavannes Jean-Baptiste – Haiti – Sustainable Development". The Goldman Environmental Prize. 2005. Archived from the original on 2008-09-30. Retrieved 2008-11-17.
- ↑ Demers, Peter (7 March 2013). "Security and Human Rights in Honduras: A Conversation with Julieta Castellanos". Inter-American Dialogue.
- ↑ According to "Facts about Erdös Numbers and the Collaboration Graph"., using the Mathematical Reviews data base, the next highest article count is roughly 823.
- ↑ Jerome Cardan: A Biographical Study. Dodo Press. January 2009. ISBN 9781409959595.
- ↑ Kimura, Motoo (1968). "Evolutionary rate at the molecular level" (– Scholar search). Nature 217 (5129): 624–626. doi:10.1038/217624a0. PMID 5637732. http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/ridley/classictexts/kimura.pdf.
- ↑ Nei, M. (1995). "Motoo Kimura (1924-1994)". Molecular Biology and Evolution 12 (5): 719–722. PMID 7476119.
- ↑ 42.0 42.1 INFORM.KZ. "Zhautykov and World Math Olympiads bring together most talented students: academician A.Dzhumadildayev". www.inform.kz.
- ↑ "51st IMO: Three gold, two silver medals - proof of domestic educational system's success".
- ↑ "ErrorPage". www.kbtu.kz.
- ↑ news.rs, Serbia world (19 February 2015). "CHRONOLOGY OF THE SERBIAN – ALBANIAN RELATIONSHIPS FROM THE BERLIN CONGRESS TO THE MARCH POGROM 2004".
- ↑ Kimbrough, Liz (2013-08-06). "Scientists discover new flying mammal in bushmeat market". Mongabay. Retrieved 2016-08-12.
- ↑ E. Levi-Provencal, Chorfa, p. 231
- ↑ Patterson, Robbie (24 October 2014). "World-first dead heart transplant at Sydney's St Vincent's Hospital a game changer". News.com.au. News Limited. Retrieved 29 October 2014.
- ↑ Haines, Catharine (2001). International women in science: a biographical dictionary to 1950. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO. p. 2. ISBN 1-57607-090-5.
- ↑ Sherwood, Alan; Phillips, Jock (9 July 2013). "Coal and coal mining – the nature of coal". Te Ara: the Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Ministry for Culture and Heritage. Retrieved 19 June 2016.
- ↑ Napp, Bernie (3 December 2001). "Age no barrier for geologist". Evening Post. p. 16.
- ↑ "The Biography of Niels Henrik Abel: His last years". www.abelprize.no.
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- ↑ Brokhaus Encyclopedie (German), XVIIth improved edition, vol. 12, MAI-MOS, Wiesbaden, 1971, p. 255-256.
- ↑ Great Soviet Encyclopedia, 3rd edition, vol. 15, Macmillan, New York-London, 1977, p. 568-569.
- ↑ (German) Eissa, Tina Louise (2011). Frage und erkenne (Ask and understand), LIT Verlag Münster, p. 118. ISBN 978-3-643-11266-8.
- ↑ Short, TL (1997) Hypostatic abstraction in self-consciousness, in Foster, P (ed.) The Rule of Reason: The Philosophy of Charles Sanders Peirce
- ↑ Goldman, Jason G. "Giant Tree-Dwelling, Coconut-Eating Rat Species Discovered". Scientific American.
- ↑ "Yanghee Choi - SNU Computer Science and Engineering". cse.snu.ac.kr.
- ↑ Dunham 1999, p. 17
- ↑ "Mahidol University – Literature".
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- ↑ "Google". www.google.com.
- ↑ "Spirits". www.thaiworldview.com.
- ↑ "Movie poster showing Thai ghosts Krahang and Krasue with Count Dracula".
- ↑ "cockatoo.com - Diese Website steht zum Verkauf! - Informationen zum Thema cockatoo". www.cockatoo.com.
- ↑ Phya Anuman Rajadhon, Essays on Thai Folklore, Editions Duang Kamol, ISBN 974-210-345-3
- ↑ Phya Anuman Rajadhon, Chīwit Phra Sāraprasœt thī khāphačhao rūčhak, Ko̜tho̜mo. (i.e. Krung Thēp Mahā Nakhon) : Munnithi Sathīanrakōsēt Nākhaprathīp, 2532 [1989]
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- ↑ Palermo, Elizabeth; August 16, Associate Editor; ET, 2017 10:02pm. "Who Invented the Light Bulb?". Live Science.CS1 maint: Extra text: authors list (link)
- ↑ "Benjamin Franklin's contributions to science". www.ushistory.org.
- ↑ New Scientist Mathematics 'Nobel' rewards boundary-busting work 19 August 2010 "Aside from Lindenstrauss, this year's winners were Ngô Bảo Châu of the University of Paris-South, France, Stanslav Smirnov of the University of Geneva, Switzerland, and Cédric Villani of the Henri Poincaré Institute, Paris, France."
- ↑ The Australian Mathematical Society Asia Pacific Mathematics Newsletter April 2011 (pdf) Interview "Vietnamese Mathematician Ngô Bἀo Châu - From A Mathematical Olympiad Medallist to A Fields Medallist" pp. 25–30
- ↑ Hàm Châu (2005-11-18). "Hiện tượng Ngô Bảo Châu". Tuổi trẻ Online. Retrieved 2011-10-09.
- ↑ K.Hưng (2005-12-29). "10 sự kiện khoa học — công nghệ nổi bật năm 2005". Tuổi trẻ Online. Retrieved 2010-12-19.
- ↑ Hạ Anh & Hương Giang, "GS Griffiths: 'Trong giới Toán học, anh Châu vẫn là người Việt'", Vietnamnet. Retrieved 2010-8-19.
