Wikipedia

Cannabis (drug)

psychoactive herb from the Cannabis plant used for medical or recreational purposes
(Redirected from Marijuana)
For the plant, see Cannabis.

Cannabis, also known as marijuana, weed, sativa, and indica (as well as other names)[a] is a psychoactive drug from the Cannabis plant used for medical or recreational purposes.[18][19][20] (in legalized states). The main psychoactive part of cannabis is tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), one of the 483 known compounds in the plant,[21] including at least 65 other cannabinoids, which are chemicals only found in Cannabis.[22] Cannabis can be used by smoking, vaporizing, within food, or as an extract.

Cannabis
Close-up of flowering cannabis plant
Product nameCannabis
Pronunciation
Source plant(s)Cannabis sativa, Cannabis indica, Cannabis ruderalis
Part(s) of plantFlower and fruit
Geographic originCentral Asia and Indian subcontinent[2]
Active ingredientsTetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol, cannabinol, tetrahydrocannabivarin
Main producersAfghanistan,[3] Canada,[4] China, Colombia,[5] India,[3] Jamaica,[3] Lebanon,[6] Mexico,[7] Morocco,[3] Netherlands, Pakistan, Paraguay,[7] Spain,[3] Thailand, Turkey, United Kingdom,[8] United States[3]
Legal status
  • AU: S9 (Prohibited substance)
  • CA: Unscheduled
  • DE: Medical cannabis from state-controlled production: Anlage III, other cannabis: I
  • UK: Class B
  • US: Schedule I (legal recreationally in 24 states & DC; medically legal in 39 states)
  • UN: Narcotic Schedule I

Cannabis is mostly used recreationally or medically although like other psychoactive drugs it may also be used for spiritual purposes. In 2013, between 128 and 232 million people used cannabis (2.7% to 4.9% of the global population between the ages of 15 and 65).[23] It is the most commonly used illegal drug in the world,[23][24] though it is legal in some jurisdictions, with the highest use among adults (as of 2018) in Zambia, the United States, Canada, and Nigeria.[source?] Recently many states have begun to legalize cannabis for recreational use. Marijuana is becoming more widely used.

Marijuana plants are grouped into 3 categories: Sativa, Indica, and Hybrid. A hybrid is a combination of Sativa and Indica. Sativa is an upper strand whilst indica is a downer. These 3 categories are then divided and categorized more into different strains. Strains are minor differences in how you feel when you use Cannabis. Some of the most famous and well-known strains of marijuana are: Acapulco Gold, Gelato, Grape Ape, White Widow, Purple Haze, Skunk and G13.

Notes

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  1. ↑ Also referred to as marihuana, pot, weed, dope, and ganja /ˈɡɑːndʒə/,[9][10][11][12] among many other nicknames (grass, herb, skunk, Mary Jane, etc.).[13][14][15][16][17]

References

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  1. ↑ "marijuana noun - Definition, pictures, pronunciation and usage notes | Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary at OxfordLearnersDictionaries.com". www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com. Retrieved 18 April 2019.
  2. ↑ ElSohly MA (2007). Marijuana and the Cannabinoids. Springer. p. 8. ISBN 978-1-59259-947-9.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 United Nations. "World Drug Report 2013" (PDF). United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. Retrieved 13 December 2014.
  4. ↑ "Medical Use of Marijuana". Health Canada. Retrieved 12 January 2015.
  5. ↑ "New Colombia Resources Inc Subsidiary, Sannabis, Produces First Batch of Medical Marijuana Based Products in Colombia to Fill Back Orders". prnewswire.com (Press release). PR Newswire. Retrieved 12 January 2015.
  6. ↑ Moussaoui R (Nov 25, 2013). "Lebanon cannabis trade thrives in shadow of Syrian war". AFP.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Garelli SL (25 November 2008). "Mexico, Paraguay top pot producers, U.N. report says". CNN International. Retrieved 28 September 2013.
  8. ↑ "Homegrown Industry".
  9. ↑ "Pot". Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Retrieved 9 October 2012.
  10. ↑ "Weed". Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Retrieved 9 October 2012.
  11. ↑ "Dope". Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Retrieved 17 July 2017.
  12. ↑ "Ganja". Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Retrieved 17 July 2017.
  13. ↑ Ruiz P, Strain EC (2011). Substance Abuse: A Comprehensive Textbook. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 214. ISBN 978-1-60547-277-5.
  14. ↑ "Grass". Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Retrieved 9 October 2012.
  15. ↑ "Herb". Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Retrieved 9 October 2012.
  16. ↑ "Skunk". The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (5th ed.). Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
  17. ↑ "Mary Jane". Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Retrieved 17 July 2017.
  18. ↑ Vij (2012). Textbook Of Forensic Medicine And Toxicology: Principles And Practice. Elsevier India. p. 672. ISBN 978-81-312-1129-8.See also article on Marijuana as a word.
  19. ↑ Shorter Oxford English Dictionary (6th ed.), Oxford University Press, 2007, ISBN 978-0-19-920687-2
  20. ↑ Editors of the American Heritage Dictionaries (2007). Spanish Word Histories and Mysteries: English Words That Come From Spanish. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. p. 142. ISBN 978-0-547-35021-9.
  21. ↑ Russo EB (2013). Cannabis and Cannabinoids: Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutic Potential. Routledge. p. 28. ISBN 978-1-136-61493-4.
  22. ↑ Newton DE (2013). Marijuana: a reference handbook. Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-CLIO. p. 7. ISBN 9781610691499.
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 "Status and Trend Analysis of Illict [sic] Drug Markets" (PDF). World Drug Report 2015. p. 23. Retrieved 26 June 2015.
  24. ↑ "DrugFacts: Marijuana". National Institute on Drug Abuse, US National Institutes of Health. 1 December 2019. Retrieved 20 January 2020.


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