Ruhollah Khomeini
Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini (Persian: روحالله خمینی, romanized: Ruhollâh Xomeyni, pronounced [ɾuːholˈlɒːhe xomejˈniː] (listen) born Sayyed Ruhollah Mustafavi Khomeini, 24 September 1902 – 3 June 1989) also known as Imam Khomeini[b] was a Iranian politician, revolutionary and religious leader who was the 1st Supreme Leader of Iran. He was also the Leader of the Islamic Revolution from January 1978 until his victory in the revolution in February 1979 and the Iran–Iraq War from 1980 to 1988.
Ruhollah Khomeini | |
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روحالله خمینی | |
1st Supreme Leader of Iran | |
In office 3 December 1979 – 3 June 1989[a] | |
President |
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Prime Minister |
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Preceded by | Office established;
Mohammad Reza Pahlavi (as Shah of Iran) |
Succeeded by | Ali Khamenei |
Personal details | |
Born | Ruhollah Mostafavi Musavi 24 September 1902 Khomeyn, Qajar dynasty |
Died | 3 June 1989 Tehran, Iran | (aged 86)
Resting place | Mausoleum of Ruhollah Khomeini |
Spouse(s) | Khadijeh Saqafi (m. 1929) |
Relations | Khomeini family |
Children | 7, including Mostafa, Zahra, Farideh, and Ahmad |
Education | Qom Seminary |
Occupation | Politician |
Profession | Religious Leader, Revolutionary |
Signature | |
Website | imam-khomeini |
Khomeini died of intestinal cancer and a heart attack[1]in Tehran on 3 June 1989, at the age of 86.
Political life change
On 5 June 1964, Khomeini was arrested and sent into exile (kicked from his country). He was exiled to Iraq, Turkey and then to France. Khomeini gave many speeches in France against Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, the last Shah of Iran. On 16 January 1979, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi left Iran. Two weeks later, on 1 February, Khomeini returned to Iran.
He received a traditional religious education in Qom (city in Iran). When he lived in Najaf (a holy city in Iraq) for some years, he spoke about Islam ideas about Government. During that time, he refined his theory of velayat-e faqih ("government of the jurist").[2]
On 11 February 1979, as soon as Khomeini overthrew the Shah, he appointed his first own Prime Minister, Mehdi Bazargan. On 30 March 1979, a referendum was held and as a result, the Monarchy was replaced with an Islamic Republic. After the Islamic Revolution, Khomeini became the first ever Supreme Leader of Iran.
Rushdie fatwa change
In early 1989 Khomeini issued a fatwā calling for Muslims to kill Salman Rushdie and "all those involved in the publication" of his book called The Satanic Verses.[3] This controversy centred on the novel's suggestion of the Quran containing verses about deception from the devil during the life of Muhammad. As part of the fatwa, Rushdie was stabbed on 12 August 2022, resulting in him losing vision in one eye. The Japanese translator of Rushdie's book, Hitoshi Igarashi, was stabbed to death due to the fatwa, his body being found at the University of Tsukuba.
Gallery change
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A boy who liked Khomeini
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Khomeini with Yasser Arafat
References change
- ↑ "Death of Ayatollah Khomeini — Appointment of President Khamenei as Khomeini's successor — Visit to Soviet Union by Rafsanjani". Keesing's Record of World Events, Volume 35, June, 1989 Iran, Page 36724. Keesing's World News Archive. Retrieved 2009-05-29.
- ↑ "Answers - The Most Trusted Place for Answering Life's Questions". Answers.com.
- ↑ "1989: Ayatollah sentences author to death". 14 February 1989 – via news.bbc.co.uk.