1583

1583 (MDLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar, the 1583rd year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 583rd year of the 2nd millennium, the 83rd year of the 16th century, and the 4th year of the 1580s decade. As of the start of 1583, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

Millennium:	2nd millennium
Centuries:	15th century – 16th century – 17th century
Decades:	1550s  1560s  1570s  – 1580s –  1590s  1600s  1610s
Years:	1580 1581 1582 – 1583 – 1584 1585 1586

1583 in other calendars

Gregorian calendar	1583 MDLXXXIII
Ab urbe condita	2336
Armenian calendar	1032 ԹՎ ՌԼԲ
Assyrian calendar	6333
Balinese saka calendar	1504–1505
Bengali calendar	990
Berber calendar	2533
English Regnal year	25 Eliz. 1 – 26 Eliz. 1
Buddhist calendar	2127
Burmese calendar	945
Byzantine calendar	7091–7092
Chinese calendar	壬午年 (Water Horse) 4279 or 4219     — to — 癸未年 (Water Goat) 4280 or 4220
Coptic calendar	1299–1300
Discordian calendar	2749
Ethiopian calendar	1575–1576
Hebrew calendar	5343–5344
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1639–1640
- Shaka Samvat	1504–1505
- Kali Yuga	4683–4684
Holocene calendar	11583
Igbo calendar	583–584
Iranian calendar	961–962
Islamic calendar	990–991
Japanese calendar	Tenshō 11 (天正１１年)
Javanese calendar	1502–1503
Julian calendar	Gregorian minus 10 days
Korean calendar	3916
Minguo calendar	329 before ROC 民前329年
Nanakshahi calendar	115
Thai solar calendar	2125–2126
Tibetan calendar	阳水马年 (male Water-Horse) 1709 or 1328 or 556     — to — 阴水羊年 (female Water-Goat) 1710 or 1329 or 557

Events

• Newfoundland claimed by England.
• University of Edinburgh started.

Births

• January 8 – Simon Episcopius, Dutch theologian (d. 1643)
• March 3 – Edward Herbert, 1st Baron Herbert of Cherbury, English diplomat, poet, and philosopher (d. 1648)
• April 10 – Hugo Grotius, Dutch philosopher and writer (d. 1645)
• June 16 – Axel Oxenstierna, Lord High Chancellor of Sweden (d. 1654)
• June 20 – Jacob De la Gardie, Swedish soldier and statesman (d. 1652)
• July 2 – Dodo Knyphausen, German soldier (d. 1636)
• September – Girolamo Frescobaldi, Italian composer (d. 1643)
• September 24 – Albrecht von Wallenstein, Austrian general (d. 1634)
• November 24 – Juan Martínez de Jáuregui y Aguilar, Spanish poet (d. 1641)
• December 17 – Robert Bertie, 1st Earl of Lindsey, English adventurer and soldier (d. 1642)
• December 25 – Orlando Gibbons, English composer (d. 1625)
• date unknown
  • Hendrick Jacobszoon Lucifer, Dutch pirate and buccaneer (d. 1627)
  • Johann Heinrich Alting, German divine (d. 1644)
  • John Beaumont, English poet (d. 1627)
  • Bonaventura Elzevir, Dutch printer (d. 1652)
  • Stanisław Lubomirski, Polish nobleman (d. 1649)
  • Philip Massinger, English dramatist (d. 1640)
  • Hayashi Razan, Japanese neo-Confucianist scholar (d. 1657)
• probable
  • Alexander Henderson, Scottish theologian (d. 1646)
  • Nzinga, warrior queen of Ndongo and Matamba (d. 1663)
  • Aurelian Townshend, English poet (d. 1643)

Deaths

• March 18 – King Magnus of Livonia (b. 1540)
• April – Lucas David, Prussian historian (b. 1503)
• May 6 – Zacharias Ursinus, German theologian (b. 1534)
• June 6
  • Nakagawa Kiyohide, Japanese military commander (b. 1556)
  • Shibata Katsutoyo, Japanese military commander (b. 1556)
• June 9 – Thomas Radclyffe, 3rd Earl of Sussex, Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland (b. 1525)
• June – Oda Nobutaka, Japanese samurai (b. 1558)
• July 1 – Sakuma Morimasa, Japanese samurai and warlord (beheaded)
• July 6 – Edmund Grindal, Archbishop of Canterbury (b. 1519)
• September 9 – Humphrey Gilbert, English explorer (born c. 1537)
• September 16 – Catherine Jagiellon, queen of John II of Sweden (b. 1526)
• November 11 – Gerald Fitzgerald, 15th Earl of Desmond, Irish rebel
• November 24 – René de Birague, French cardinal and chancellor (b. 1506)
• December 14 – Ivan Fyodorov, Russian printer
• December 31 – Thomas Erastus, Swiss theologian (b. 1524)
• date unknown
  • Shibata Katsuie, Japanese military commander (b. 1530)
  • Andrei Kurbskii, Russian writer (b. 1528)