Α-Ketoglutaric acid
This article uses too much jargon, which needs explaining or simplifying. (September 2024) |
α-Ketoglutaric acid is a dicarboxylic acid involved in several important biological processes. (Dicarboxylic acid have two carboxyl groups, instead of only one.) α-Ketoglutaric acid exists primarily as its conjugate base, α-ketoglutarate.
| Names | |
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| IUPAC name
2-Oxopentanedioic acid
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| Other names
2-Ketoglutaric acid, alpha-Ketoglutaric acid, 2-Oxoglutaric acid, Oxoglutaric acid
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Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |
| Infobox references | |
α-Ketoglutaric acid is a dicarboxylic acid involved in several important biological processes. It exists primarily as its conjugate base, α-ketoglutarate, in physiological conditions, as it loses two protons to form this negatively charged molecule.
Other names of the acid: The IUPAC name is, 2-oxopentanedioic acid.
Biological Role
changeα-Ketoglutarate is a key intermediate in the citric acid cycle (also known as the Krebs cycle or TCA cycle), which is critical for cellular energy production. It plays a central role in cellular respiration, providing cells with energy.
Additionally, α-ketoglutarate is involved in amino acid metabolism, acting as a substrate or product in the synthesis of amino acids, and plays a role in regulating levels of carbon, nitrogen, and ammonia within cells. It is also essential for reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, protecting cells from oxidative damage.
Metabolic Functions
changeα-Ketoglutarate is also linked to other metabolic pathways, such as:
- The synthesis of neurotransmitters, including gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA).
- Modulating immune function by supporting the differentiation of immature T cells into mature ones.
- Regulating glucose tolerance and supporting muscle function, especially in response to resistance exercise.
Health Implications
changeStudies suggest α-ketoglutarate has a role in aging, cancer development, and the response to inflammation. It is also involved in regulating kidney function and may help in reducing muscle atrophy and obesity.
Chemical Properties
changeα-Ketoglutaric acid has the chemical formula C5H6O5 and a molar mass of 146.098 g/mol. It has a melting point of 115°C (239°F). The molecule contains two carboxylic acid groups and a ketone functional group, making it a versatile compound in both biological and chemical reactions.
Related pages
change- Citric acid cycle
- Amino acid metabolism
- Reactive oxygen species
References
change- Green DE, Stumpf PK (1951). "The Role of α-Ketoglutarate in the Citric Acid Cycle". J. Biol. Chem. 190: 103–112. doi:10.1016/j.jbc.1951.01.005.