Bombay Hindi
Mumbai Hindi, also known as Mumbaiya Hindi, Bambaiyya, Mumbaiyya[1] or Mumbai Hindi-Urdu,[2] is a variety of Hindi-Urdu, spoken in Mumbai (formerly Bombay), India.[1][2] The words and pronunciations of Bombay Hindi are derived mainly from Hindi and Urdu, collectively known as Hindi-Urdu or Hindustani.[1][2] In addition, the predominant substratum influence on Bombay is Marathi. Marathi is the official and majority language of Maharashtra.[3] Bombay Hindi also incorporates words from Gujarati and Konkani.
General change
Unlike the most local dialects which are used primarily in the metropolitan centres, Bombay Hindi is widely known throughout India, as a result of its frequent use in Bollywood movies. Initially, this dialect was used to represent crooks and uncouth characters. According to Shoma A. Chatterji, "Indian films have the unique quality of different characters speaking different varieties of Hindi according to their social status, their caste, communal identity, education, profession, financial status, etc. [...] The villain's goons, speak in a special vulgarised, Bambaiya Hindi concocted specifically to typify such screen characters in Hindi cinema.".[4] A particular genre of movies, named Munnabhai, in which the lead characters - being members of the Mumbai criminal underworld - speak entirely in this dialect, helped to spread the dialect.[5]
Despite this increase in popularity, there are people who criticize the use of this dialect. Sometimes, Mumbaiya are seen as being disrespectful and demeaning.[6]
Some neologisms which originated in Bambaiya Hindi have spread throughout India. Some examples are the words bindaas (a compound word, constituted from the Marathi words Bin and Dhast = Without Fear. Bindaas means 'relaxed' and this word was incorporated into the Oxford English Dictionary in 2005[7]) and Gandhigiri (invented in the movie Lage Raho Munna Bhai, a portmanteau of Gandhi and -giri, which is similar to the English 'ism' (as in Gandhi-ism), though slightly more informal).
Thanks to Bollywood, some Marathi words, such as Thaska, Wakda, Porgi, Navri, Navrai, Kombdi, and Mulga/Mulgi, have been incorporated in Hindi vocabulary. Many Hindi songs have some Marathi words added.
References change
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 "Dialects of Hindi". Archived from the original on 2013-06-27. Retrieved 2019-06-23.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Shapiro, Michael C.; Schiffman, Harold F. (1981). Language and Society in South Asia. Motilal Banarsidass. p. 209. ISBN 9788120826076.
- ↑ University of Kerala. Dept. of Linguistics (1974), International journal of Dravidian linguistics, Volume 3, Dept. of Linguistics, Univ. of Kerala., 1974,
... In the case of Bombay Hindi, the predominant sub-stratum structure is that of Marathi, a language which is structurally quite close of Hindi ...
- ↑ See 'The Language Detail' in Shoma A. Chatterji's paper, The Culturespecific Use of Sound in India Cinema, presented in 1999.
- ↑ The Hindu newspaper, 11 May 2007. Chronicles of the City. Read online Archived 2009-08-06 at the Wayback Machine.
- ↑ DNA, Verbal assault of Bambaiya Hindi, 12 December 2006. Read online.
- ↑ Indian Express, 10 August 2005, 'Bindaas' finds its way to the Oxford Dictionary. Read online Archived 2012-02-24 at the Wayback Machine.