First Bulgarian Empire
medieval Bulgar-Slavic and later Bulgarian state that existed in Southeastern Europe between the 7th and 11th centuries AD.
The First Bulgarian Empire (Church Slavonic: ц︢рьство бл︢гарское, ts'rstvo bl'garskoe[10]) was a medieval Bulgarian state founded in AD 632 in the lands near the Danube Delta and which disintegrated in AD 1185 after its annexation to the Byzantine Empire.
First Bulgarian Empire ц︢рьство бл︢гарское | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 681–991 | |||||||||||||
![First Bulgarian Empire in 850[1][2]](/wiki/File:Balkans850.png) | |||||||||||||
| Capital | Pliska (681–893), Preslav (893–968/972) | ||||||||||||
| Common languages | Bulgar,[3] Proto-Slavic, Byzantine Greek,[4][5][6] Balkan Romance, Church Slavonic[7] | ||||||||||||
| Religion | Tengrism, Slavic paganism (681–864), Orthodox Christianity (state religion from 864) | ||||||||||||
| Government | Absolute monarchy | ||||||||||||
| Monarch | |||||||||||||
• 681-700 | Asparuh (first) | ||||||||||||
• 930s-991 | Roman of Bulgaria (last) | ||||||||||||
| Historical era | Middle Ages | ||||||||||||
| 680 | |||||||||||||
• New Bulgarian state recognized by Eastern Rome | 681 | ||||||||||||
| 864 | |||||||||||||
• Adoption of Church Slavonic as a national language | 893 | ||||||||||||
| 913 | |||||||||||||
• Theme Bulgaria established in Byzantine Empire | 1018 991 | ||||||||||||
| Area | |||||||||||||
| 895[8] | 440,000 km2 (170,000 sq mi) | ||||||||||||
| 927[8][9] | 325,000 km2 (125,000 sq mi) | ||||||||||||
| 1000[8] | 235,000 km2 (91,000 sq mi) | ||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||
References
change- ↑ Fine, John (1991). Early medieval Balkans. ISBN 0-472-08149-7.
- ↑ Curta, Florin (31 August 2006). Southeastern Europe in the Middle ages 500 - 1200. ISBN 0-521-81539-8.
- ↑ Sedlar, Jean W. (2011). East Central Europe in the Middle Ages, 1000–1500. University of Washington Press. p. 424. ISBN 9780295800646.
- ↑ Fletcher, Richard A. (1999). The Barbarian Conversion: from Paganism to Christianity. University of California Press. p. 338. ISBN 0-520-21859-0.
- ↑ Adrados, Francisco Rodríguez (2005). A History of the Greek Language: from its Origins to the Present. BRILL. p. 265. ISBN 90-04-12835-2.
- ↑ Curta 2008, pp. 350–351
- ↑ Language Contact in Europe The Periphrastic Perfect Through History by Bridget Drinka (2017) Cambridge University Press page 290 (ISBN : 9780521514934)
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Rashev, Rasho (2008). Българската езическа култура VII -IX в./Bulgarian Pagan Culture VII - IX c. (in Bulgarian). Класика и стил. ISBN 9789543270392.
- ↑ Davies, Norman (1997). Europe. A History. Oxford University press. ISBN 954-427-663-7.
- ↑ Radoev, Ivanov Alexander (2019). THE CROATIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH Was, Is, And Shall Be. Zagreb, Croatia: Croatian Archbishop Alexander. p. 64. ISBN 978-0-359-99545-5.
According to the law of 893, in the Bulgarian Empire everyone was Bulgarian, and the Bulgarian language was mandatory in the liturgy (with Cyrillic or Glagolitic script).
