Frederick Russell Burnham
Frederick Russell Burnham DSO (May 11, 1861 – September 1, 1947) was an American scout. He travelled the world and had many adventures. He served to the British Army in colonial Africa and for taught scouting to Robert Baden-Powell, the founder of the Boy Scouts.
| Frederick Russell Burnham | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Nickname | The King of Scouts;[1] He-who-sees-in-the-dark;[2] Fred |
| Born | May 11, 1861 |
| Died | September 1, 1947 (aged 86) |
| Allegiance | Scout for the British Army in Southern Africa; U.S. citizen. |
| Years of service | 1893–1897, 1900–1901 |
| Rank | Major |
| Commands held | Chief of Scouts under Lord Roberts |
| Battles/wars | Pleasant Valley War Indian Wars: — Apache Wars — Cheyenne War — Geronimo campaign First Matabele War: — Shangani Patrol Second Matabele War: — Assassination of Mlimo Second Boer War: — Battle of Paardeberg — Driefontein (March 10, 1900) — Johannesburg (May 31, 1900) — March on Pretoria (June 2–5, 1900) |
| Awards | Distinguished Service Order Queen's South Africa Medal British South Africa Company Medal Victoria Cross (declined) Boy Scouts Silver Buffalo Award Mount Burnham (California). |
| Other work | messenger, Indian tracker, gold miner, rich oil man, American spy. Father of the international Scouting movement and a close friend of Robert Baden-Powell. |
Burnham attended high school but never graduated. When he was 14 he began his working as a scout and tracker for the U.S. Army. As an adult Burnham went to Africa where this background proved useful. He soon became an officer in the British Army and fought in several battles there. During this time Burnham became friends with Baden-Powell and taught him both his outdoor skills and his spirit for what became known as Scouting.
Burnham eventually became involved in espionage, oil, conservation, writing and business. His descendants are still active in Scouting.
References
change- ↑ Davis, Richard Harding (1906). . New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. ISBN 0873642392.
- ↑ West, James E.; Peter O. Lamb, and illustrated by Robert Baden-Powell, 1st Baron Baden-Powell (1932). He-who-sees-in-the-dark; the boys' story of Frederick Burnham, the American scout. Brewer, Warren and Putnam.
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Other websites
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- Major Burnham on Pine Tree Web scouting site Archived 2006-05-09 at the Wayback Machine.
- Frederick Howard Russell Burnham (great grand nephew)
- "The Canadian Anglo Boer War Museum". December 2003. Archived from the original on January 2007.
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