Galileo (spacecraft)

*Galileo*
	Artist's drawing of Galileo at Io with Jupiter in the background; the high-gain antenna is fully deployed
Names	Jupiter Orbiter Probe
Mission type	Jupiter orbiter
Operator	NASA
COSPAR ID	1989-084B
SATCAT no.	20298
Website	solarsystem.nasa.gov/galileo/
Mission duration	Planned: 8 years, 1 month, 19 days; In orbit: 7 years, 9 months, 13 days; Final: 13 years, 11 months, 3 days;
Distance travelled	4,631,778,000 km (2.88 billion mi)
Spacecraft properties
Manufacturer	Jet Propulsion Laboratory; Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm; General Electric; Hughes Aircraft Company;
Launch mass	Total: 2,562 kg (5,648 lb); Orbiter: 2,223 kg (4,901 lb); Probe: 339 kg (747 lb);
Dry mass	Orbiter: 1,884 kg (4,154 lb); Probe: 339 kg (747 lb);
Payload mass	Orbiter: 118 kg (260 lb); Probe: 30 kg (66 lb);
Power	Orbiter: 570 watts; Probe: 730 watt-hours;
Start of mission
Launch date	October 18, 1989, 16:53:40 UTC
Rocket	Space Shuttle Atlantis ; STS-34 / IUS
Launch site	Kennedy LC-39B
Entered service	December 8, 1995, 01:16 UTC SCET
End of mission
Disposal	Controlled entry into Jupiter
Decay date	September 21, 2003, 18:57:18 GMT SCET;; September 21, 2003, 19:49:36 GMT ERT
Jupiter orbiter
Spacecraft component	Orbiter
Orbital insertion	December 8, 1995, 01:16 UTC SCET
Jupiter atmospheric probe
Spacecraft component	Probe
Atmospheric entry	December 7, 1995, 22:04 UTC SCET
Impact site	06°05′N 04°04′W / 6.083°N 4.067°W ; at entry interface
SSI
Instruments
SSI	Solid-State Imager
NIMS	Near-Infrared Mapping Spectrometer
UVS	Ultraviolet Spectrometer
PPR	Photopolarimeter-Radiometer
DDS	Dust Detector Subsystem
EPD	Energetic Particles Detector
HIC	Heavy Ion Counter
MAG	Magnetometer
PLS	Plasma Subsystem
PWS	Plasma Wave Subsystem
	NASA Flagship Program ← Voyager program Cassini–Huygens →

Galileo was an unmanned NASA spacecraft. It explored the planet Jupiter and its moons. Galileo was launched in 1989 and it arrived at Jupiter in 1995.

Galileo was made up of two parts: an orbiter and a probe. The probe was released from the orbiter on July 13, 1995 and it went towards Jupiter.^[5]^[6] It reached Jupiter on December 7, 1995 and went down into the atmosphere.^[5]^[6] The probe gathered data for 57 minutes until the great atmospheric heat and pressure destroyed it.^[5]^[6]

The orbiter went into orbit around the planet on December 8, 1995^[5] and went down into Jupiter's atmosphere and was crushed on September 21, 2003.^[7]

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 "The Final Day on Galileo - Sunday, September 21, 2003". NASA / Jet Propulsion Laboratory via Spaceref.com. September 19, 2003. Retrieved December 18, 2016.^{[permanent dead link]}
↑ ^2.00 ^2.01 ^2.02 ^2.03 ^2.04 ^2.05 ^2.06 ^2.07 ^2.08 ^2.09 ^2.10 ^2.11 ^2.12 "Galileo Jupiter Arrival" (PDF) (Press Kit). NASA / Jet Propulsion Laboratory. December 1995.
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 D'Amario, Louis A.; Bright, Larry E.; Wolf, Aron A. (May 1992). "Galileo Trajectory Design". Space Science Reviews. 60 (1–4): 23–78. Bibcode:1992SSRv...60...23D. doi:10.1007/BF00216849. S2CID 122388506.
↑ Beyer, P. E.; O'Connor, R. C.; Mudgway, D. J. (May 15, 1992). "Galileo Early Cruise, Including Venus, First Earth, and Gaspra Encounters" (PDF). The Telecommunications and Data Acquisition Report. NASA / Jet Propulsion Laboratory: 265–281. TDA Progress Report 42-109.
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 ^5.3 "NASA: Solar System Exploration: Missions: By Target: Jupiter: Past: Galileo". NASA. Archived from the original on 2012-10-06. Retrieved 2011-03-29.
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 "Galileo". Encyclopædia Britannica Deluxe Edition. Encyclopædia Britannica. 2005.
↑ "NASA: Solar System Exploration: Galileo Legacy Site". NASA. Archived from the original on 2006-10-02. Retrieved 2011-03-29.

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[spref20030919-1] 1.0 ^1.1 "The Final Day on Galileo - Sunday, September 21, 2003". NASA / Jet Propulsion Laboratory via Spaceref.com. September 19, 2003. Retrieved December 18, 2016.^{[permanent dead link]}

[galileo-arrival-2] 2.00 ^2.01 ^2.02 ^2.03 ^2.04 ^2.05 ^2.06 ^2.07 ^2.08 ^2.09 ^2.10 ^2.11 ^2.12 "Galileo Jupiter Arrival" (PDF) (Press Kit). NASA / Jet Propulsion Laboratory. December 1995.

[DAmario1992-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 D'Amario, Louis A.; Bright, Larry E.; Wolf, Aron A. (May 1992). "Galileo Trajectory Design". Space Science Reviews. 60 (1–4): 23–78. Bibcode:1992SSRv...60...23D. doi:10.1007/BF00216849. S2CID 122388506.

[Beyer1992-4] Beyer, P. E.; O'Connor, R. C.; Mudgway, D. J. (May 15, 1992). "Galileo Early Cruise, Including Venus, First Earth, and Gaspra Encounters" (PDF). The Telecommunications and Data Acquisition Report. NASA / Jet Propulsion Laboratory: 265–281. TDA Progress Report 42-109.

[ssefact-5] 5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 ^5.3 "NASA: Solar System Exploration: Missions: By Target: Jupiter: Past: Galileo". NASA. Archived from the original on 2012-10-06. Retrieved 2011-03-29.

[eb-6] 6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 "Galileo". Encyclopædia Britannica Deluxe Edition. Encyclopædia Britannica. 2005.

[sse2-7] "NASA: Solar System Exploration: Galileo Legacy Site". NASA. Archived from the original on 2006-10-02. Retrieved 2011-03-29.

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