Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986

The Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA), also known as the Simpson-Mazzoli Act, was signed into law by Ronald Reagan on November 6, 1986, is an Act of Congress which reformed United States immigration law.

What it did

• required employers to attest to their employees' immigration status;
• made it illegal to hire or recruit illegal immigrants knowingly;
• legalized certain seasonal agricultural illegal immigrants, and;
• legalized illegal immigrants who entered the United States before January 1, 1982 and had resided there continuously with the penalty of a fine, back taxes due, and admission of guilt; candidates were required to prove that they were not guilty of crimes, that they were in the country before January 1, 1982, and that they possessed minimal knowledge about U.S. history, government, and the English language.

Immigration at that time

At the time, the Immigration and Naturalization Service estimated that about four million illegal immigrants would apply for legal status through the act and that roughly half of them would be eligible.

Other websites

• Summary of the Bill from "Thomas" for the Library of Congress Archived 2013-05-06 at the Wayback Machine
• Detailed legislative history of Simpson-Mazzoli from introduction to Presidential signature, also from "Thomas" for the Library of Congress
• Statement on Signing the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 Archived 2006-12-31 at the Wayback Machine
• September 2006 article by Mazzoli and Simpson revisiting the legislation in the current political climate
• "Independent Task Force on Immigration and America’s Future" Archived 2012-03-08 at the Wayback Machine
• "Full text of Pub. L 99-603"