Palenquero

Palenquero
Palenquero
Native to	Colombia
Region	San Basilio de Palenque
Ethnicity	7,470 (2005)
Native speakers	2,788 (2005)
Language family	Spanish Creole Palenquero;
Writing system	Latin (Spanish alphabet)
Official status
Official language in	The Colombian Constitution recognizes minority languages as "official in their territories."
Language codes
ISO 639-3	pln
Glottolog	pale1260
ELP	Palenquero
Linguasphere	51-AAC-bc

Palenquero is a Spanish-African Creole language spoken in Colombia. Is it spoken primarily in the Northern and the Caribbean parts of Colombia; the palenque villages and their diasporas.

Formation of Palenquero

Palenquero, just like in the other Spanish-Based Caribbean Creoles, has influences from the contact between European masters and African slaves. In the case of Palenquero, it has been accepted that the maroons (escaped slaves) moved in somewhere in the mountains, along with some Native Americans. The maroons had very little contact with their masters, which led to them having to blend their African substrate languages with the Spanish European ones.

African influences

Palenquero has a lot of African influence in its sounds, phonetics, syntax, grammar, vocabulary, and a lot of words.

Vocabulary

burú-silver, money

ngombe-cattle

ngubá-peanut

posá-house

tambore-drum

mai-mother

bumbilo-garbage

chepa-clothing

chitiá-to speak

ngaina-chicken

tabáko-cigarette

hemano-brother

onde-where

pueta-door

ngolo-fat

flo-flower

moná-child

ceddo-pig

cateyano-Spanish/Castillian

foratero-outsider

kusa-thing, stuff

cuagro-neighborhood cohort

Sample

Lord's Prayer

Tatá suto lo ke ta riba sielo,

santifikaro sendá nombre si,

miní a reino sí, asé ño boluntá sí,

aí tiela kumo a sielo.

Nda suto agué pan ri to ma ría,

peddona ma fata suto,

asina kumo suto a se peddoná,

lo ke se fatá suto.

Nu rejá sujo kaí andí tentasión nu,

librá suto ri má. Amén.

The African languages that have had the most dominant influence on Palenquero is the languages of the Bantu, specifically the Kongo.

Related languages or dialect

Cuban Creole Oriental is very similar to Palenquero. They even share some words.

Dominican Spanish is similar to Palenquero due to same origins.

Many of the Spanish-based Creoles can be compared to the other Creoles of the Americas, where there has been the blending of African and European languages.

Related pages

References

↑ Ministerio de Cultura (2010). "Palenqueros, descendientes de la insurgencia anticolonial" (PDF). p. 1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2024-04-29. Retrieved 2018-08-17.
↑ Ministerio de Cultura (2010). "Palenqueros, descendientes de la insurgencia anticolonial" (PDF). p. 2. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2024-04-29. Retrieved 2018-08-17.
↑ Title 1, Article 10. http://confinder.richmond.edu/admin/docs/colombia_const2.pdf Archived 2011-09-27 at the Wayback Machine

Other websites

[1]

[1] Ministerio de Cultura (2010). "Palenqueros, descendientes de la insurgencia anticolonial" (PDF). p. 1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2024-04-29. Retrieved 2018-08-17.

[2] Ministerio de Cultura (2010). "Palenqueros, descendientes de la insurgencia anticolonial" (PDF). p. 2. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2024-04-29. Retrieved 2018-08-17.

[3] Title 1, Article 10. http://confinder.richmond.edu/admin/docs/colombia_const2.pdf Archived 2011-09-27 at the Wayback Machine

[1]

[2]

[3]