Privatdozent

Privatdozent (for men) or Privatdozentin (for women), shortened to PD, P.D. or Priv.-Doz. is a title given to students at European universities, especially in German-speaking countries. This position shows that some students have abilities and lets them teach a subject at the highest level. To be given the position Priv.-Doz, one has to complete criteria put by the university which usually needs abilities in the operation of making observations, teaching, and further education. In its current use, the sign of position shows that the owner has completed their habilitation. They are allowed to teach and learn about students freely without a professorship.