Propane

chemical compound, commonly used as a fuel
[5]


Propane is an organic compound with the chemical formula C
3
H
8
. It is an alkane with three carbon atoms. It is used in fuels.

Propane
Skeletal formula of propane
Skeletal formula of propane
Skeletal formula of propane with all implicit carbons shown, and all explicit hydrogens added
Skeletal formula of propane with all implicit carbons shown, and all explicit hydrogens added
Ball and stick model of propane
Ball and stick model of propane
Spacefill model of propane
Spacefill model of propane
Names
Preferred IUPAC name
Propane[1]
Systematic IUPAC name
Tricarbane (never recommended[1])
Identifiers
  • 74-98-6 checkY
3D model (JSmol)
Beilstein Reference 1730718
ChEBI
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.000.753
EC Number
  • 200-827-9
E number E944 (glazing agents, ...)
Gmelin Reference 25044
KEGG
RTECS number
  • TX2275000
UNII
UN number 1978
  • CCC
Properties[3]
C3H8
Molar mass 44.10 g·mol−1
Appearance Colorless gas
Odor Odorless
Density 2.0098 kg/m3 (at 0 °C, 101.3 kPa)
Melting point −187.7 °C; −305.8 °F; 85.5 K
Boiling point −42.25 to −42.04 °C; −44.05 to −43.67 °F; 230.90 to 231.11 K
47 mg⋅L−1 (at 0 °C)
log P 2.236
Vapor pressure 853.16 kPa (at 21.1 °C (70.0 °F))
kH 15 nmol⋅Pa−1⋅kg−1
Conjugate acid Propanium
−40.5 × 10−6 cm3/mol
0.083 D[2]
Thermochemistry
Std enthalpy of
formation
ΔfHo298
−105.2–104.2 kJ⋅mol−1
Std enthalpy of
combustion
ΔcHo298
−2.2197–2.2187 MJ⋅mol−1
Specific heat capacity, C 73.60 J⋅K−1⋅mol−1
Hazards
NFPA 704

4
2
0
 
Explosive limits 2.37–9.5%
U.S. Permissible
exposure limit (PEL)
TWA 1000 ppm (1800 mg/m3)[4]
Related compounds
Related {{{label}}} {{{value}}}
Related compounds {{{value}}}
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
checkY verify (what is checkY☒N ?)
Infobox references

It begins to burn very quickly. Its melting temperature is −187.7 °C; its boiling temperature is −42 °C; its density is 1.83 g/l.

Propane is extracted from natural gasoline or from petroleum.

Sources

change
  1. 1.0 1.1 "Front Matter". Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry : IUPAC Recommendations and Preferred Names 2013 (Blue Book). Cambridge: The Royal Society of Chemistry. 2014. p. 4. doi:10.1039/9781849733069-FP001. ISBN 978-0-85404-182-4. Similarly, the retained names 'ethane', 'propane', and 'butane' were never replaced by systematic names 'dicarbane', 'tricarbane', and 'tetracarbane' as recommended for analogues of silane, 'disilane'; phosphane, 'triphosphane'; and sulfane, 'tetrasulfane'.
  2. Lide, David R., Jr. (1960). "Microwave Spectrum, Structure, and Dipole Moment of Propane". J. Chem. Phys. 33 (5): 1514–1518. Bibcode:1960JChPh..33.1514L. doi:10.1063/1.1731434.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  3. Record of Propane in the GESTIS Substance Database of the Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
  4. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0524". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
  5. GOV, NOAA Office of Response and Restoration, US. "PROPANE – CAMEO Chemicals – NOAA". cameochemicals.noaa.gov.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)