Ptolemy XIII (Pharaoh)
Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator, also known as Ptolemy XIII, was the Pharaoh of Egypt from 51 to 47 BC, and a member of the Ptolemaic dynasty. He was the son of Ptolemy XII and ruled Egypt after his father with his sister Cleopatra VII. However, a civil war happened between Ptolemy XIII and Cleopatra. During this conflict, Ptolemy XIII ruled with his other sister, Arsinoe IV.
| Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator | |
|---|---|
| Πτολεμαίος ΙΓ΄ Θεός Φιλοπάτωρ | |
 | |
| King of the Ptolemaic Kingdom | |
| Reign | 51–47 BC with Cleopatra VII and Arsinoe IV (Ptolemaic) |
| Predecessor | Ptolemy XII Auletes |
| Successor | Ptolemy XIV Philopator |
| Consort | Cleopatra VII |
| Father | Ptolemy XII |
| Born | c. 62 BC |
| Died | probably 13 January 47 BC (aged 14) Nile river |
Biography
changePharaoh of Egypt
changePtolemy XIII became the pharaoh of Egypt after his father Ptolemy XII died. Ptolemy XIII was only 11 years old when he became pharaoh, so his sister Cleopatra ruled with him as a co-ruler.[a] Pothinus, a powerful advisor, helped Ptolemy XIII rule because Ptolemy XII was too young.[1][2]
Ptolemy XIII and Pothinus later tried to remove Cleopatra from ruling because she was becoming too powerful.[3]
Civil war
changePtolemy XIII and his advisor Pothinus made Cleopatra leave the country and started a war against her.
Pompey who was a roman general came to Egypt looking for safety because his enemy Julius Caesar was chasing him. At first, Ptolemy XIII seemed like he would help Pompey, but then he killed Pomepy. When Caesar arrived, he was angry that Pompey had been killed and ordered his body to be found given a good burial.
Cleopatra was able to become allies with Juilius Caeser against Ptolemy XIII and Arsinoe IV. Caesar killed Pothinus and made Cleopatra the pharaoh of Egypt. Ptolemy XIII still wanted to rule Egypt, so he teamed up with his sister Arsinoe IV. They both gathered their supporters and fought against Cleopatra's army inside Alexandria. This caused a lot of damage in the city.[4]
When Roman soldiers arrived, there was a big battle called the Battle of the Nile. Cleopatra and Caesar won. After that Ptolemy XIII drowned in the Nile river.[5] Some people think he tried to swim across the Nile River to escape , but we don't know for sure. After that, Cleopatra stayed as the only ruler of Egypt, but she made her younger brother Ptolemy XIV her co-ruler.
Notes
change- ↑ A co ruler is a person who rules with another person. Ptolemy XII and Cleopatra were co-rulers before the civil war.
References
change- ↑ "Cassius Dio Cocceianus, Historiae Romanae, book 42, chapter 36, section 1". www.perseus.tufts.edu. Retrieved 2023-02-20.
- ↑ Roller, Duane W. (2010), Cleopatra: a biography, Oxford: Oxford University Press p.56-67
- ↑ Macdonald, Fiona. Cleopatra, the queen of kings. p. 16.
- ↑ Plutarch, Life of Julius Caesar, 49:3.
- ↑ Southern, Pat (2000). Cleopatra. Tempus. p. 102.