Rain shadow

A rain shadow is an area of land that lies behind a mountain which gets almost no rainfall. This side of a mountainous area is away from the wind. The mountains block the passage of rain-producing weather systems and cast a "shadow" of dryness behind them.

When wind blows up a mountain slope the water falls out. The dried air goes down the other side, gets warmer, holds water and does not rain

As shown by the diagram to the right, the incoming warm and moist air is drawn by the prevailing winds towards the top of the mountains. As it does so, it cools and condenses, and relief rainfall removes the moisture before it crosses the top. The air, without much moisture left, goes on over the mountains creating a dry side called the "rain shadow".