Rhacophorus
genus of amphibians
Rhacophorus is a group of frogs. They are in the shrub frog family (Rhacophoridae). They live in India, Japan, China, and Southeast Asia. Scientists say this group has more than 40 species in it.[1]
| Rhacophorus | |
|---|---|
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| Malabar gliding frog (Rhacophorus malabaricus) Note the elongated toes with prominent webbing. | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Amphibia |
| Order: | Anura |
| Family: | Rhacophoridae |
| Subfamily: | Rhacophorinae |
| Genus: | Rhacophorus Kuhl & Van Hasselt, 1822 |
| Species | |
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See text | |
| Synonyms | |
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These frogs have long toes with webbed skin. They use this skin to slow down when they fall or jump out of trees. This is called parachuting.[2] People call them "flying frogs" because of this.
These frogs are related to Polypedates. Scientists used to call them the same genus. Even today, some scientists think "P." feae and the Chinese flying frog ("R." dennysi) might be in the wrong group.
Reproduction
changeThese frogs lay their eggs in foam nests in trees. They make the nests on branches hanging over water. Once the eggs hatch, the tadpoles fall into the water.[3][4]Some species like Rhacophorus kio will wrap this and cover this foam nest with leaves. [5]
Species
changeThese species are in the genus Rhacophorus:[1][6][7]
- Rhacophorus annamensis Smith, 1924 – Annam flying frog
- Rhacophorus baluensis Inger, 1954
- Rhacophorus barisani Harvey, Pemberton, and Smith, 2002
- Rhacophorus bengkuluensis Streicher, Hamidy, Harvey, Anders, Shaney, Kurniawan, and Smith, 2014
- Rhacophorus bifasciatus Van Kampen, 1923
- Rhacophorus bipunctatus Ahl, 1927 (including R. htunwini)
- Rhacophorus borneensis Matsui, Shimada, and Sudin, 2013
- Rhacophorus calcadensis Ahl, 1927 – Kalakad gliding frog
- Rhacophorus calcaneus Smith, 1924
- Rhacophorus catamitus Harvey, Pemberton, and Smith, 2002
- Rhacophorus edentulus Müller, 1894
- Rhacophorus exechopygus Inger, Orlov, and Darevsky, 1999
- Rhacophorus georgii Roux, 1904
- Rhacophorus helenae Rowley, Tran, Hoang & Le, 2012[6] – Helen's tree frog
- Rhacophorus hoabinhensis Nguyen, Pham, Nguyen, Ninh, and Ziegler, 2017
- Rhacophorus hoanglienensis Orlov, Lathrop, Murphy, and Ho, 2001
- Rhacophorus indonesiensis Hamidy & Kurniati, 2015
- Rhacophorus kio Ohler & Delorme, 2005 – black-webbed treefrog
- Rhacophorus laoshan Mo, Jiang, Xie, and Ohler, 2008
- Rhacophorus larissae Ostroshabov, Orlov, and Nguyen, 2013
- Rhacophorus lateralis Boulenger, 1883
- Rhacophorus malabaricus Jerdon, 1870 – Malabar gliding frog
- Rhacophorus margaritifer (Schlegel, 1837)
- Rhacophorus marmoridorsum Orlov, 2008
- Rhacophorus modestus Boulenger, 1920
- Rhacophorus monticola Boulenger, 1896
- Rhacophorus nigropalmatus Boulenger, 1895 – Wallace's flying frog
- Rhacophorus norhayatii Chan and Grismer, 2010
- Rhacophorus orlovi Ziegler and Köhler, 2001
- Rhacophorus pardalis Günther, 1858 – harlequin tree frog
- Rhacophorus poecilonotus Boulenger, 1920
- Rhacophorus pseudomalabaricus Vasudevan and Dutta, 2000
- Rhacophorus reinwardtii (Schlegel, 1840) – black-webbed tree frog, green flying frog, Reinwardt's tree frog
- Rhacophorus rhodopus Liu and Hu, 1960 (including R. namdaphaensis, often included in R. bipunctatus)
- Rhacophorus robertingeri Orlov, Poyarkov, Vassilieva, Ananjeva, Nguyen, Sang, and Geissler, 2012
- Rhacophorus spelaeus Orlov, Gnophanxay, Phimminith, and Phomphoumy, 2010
- Rhacophorus subansiriensis Mathew and Sen, 2009
- Rhacophorus translineatus Wu, 1977
- Rhacophorus tuberculatus (Anderson, 1871)
- Rhacophorus turpes Smith, 1940
- Rhacophorus vampyrus Rowley, Le, Thi, Stuart, and Hoang, 2010 – vampire tree frog
- Rhacophorus vanbanicus Kropachev, Orlov, Ninh, and Nguyen, 2019
- Rhacophorus verrucopus Huang, 1983
- Rhacophorus viridimaculatus Ostroshabov, Orlov, and Nguyen, 2013
Family tree
changeThe following is a partial family tree of Rhacophorus from Pyron & Wiens (2011).[8] Only nine species are included. Rhacophorus is a sister group of Polypedates.[8]
| Rhacophorus |
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References
change- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Frost, Darrel R. (2013). "Rhacophorus". Amphibian Species of the World 5.6, an Online Reference. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 15 April 2013.
- ↑ John R. Hutchinson. "Gliding and Parachuting". www.ucmp.berkeley.edu. Regents of the University of California.
- ↑ Grosjean, S.; Delorme, M.; Dubois, A.; Ohler, A. (2008). "Evolution of reproduction in the Rhacophoridae (Amphibia, Anura)". Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research. 46 (2): 169. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0469.2007.00451.x.
- ↑ Li, Jiatang; Dingqi Rao; Robert W. Murphy; Yaping Zhang (2011). "The systematic status of rhacophorid frogs" (PDF). Asian Herpetological Research. 2: 1–11. doi:10.3724/SP.J.1245.2011.00001. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-12-03. Retrieved 2023-06-24.
- ↑ Poo, Sinland (2016). "RHACOPHORUS KIO. OVIPOSITION AND NEST CONSTRUCTION". Herpetological Review. 47 (1): 119–120.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Rowley, J. J. L.; Tran, D. T. A.; Hoang, H. D.; Le, D. T. T. (2012). "A new species of large flying frog (Rhacophoridae: Rhacophorus) from lowland forests in southern Vietnam". Journal of Herpetology. 46 (4): 480–487. doi:10.1670/11-261. S2CID 86411409.
- ↑ Kropachev, Ivan I.; Orlov, Nikolai L.; Ninh, Hoa Thi; Nguyen, Tao Thien (2019-12-15). "A New Species of Rhacophorus Genus (Amphibia: Anura: Rhacophoridae: Rhacophorinae) from Van Ban District, Lao Cai Province, Northern Vietnam". Russian Journal of Herpetology. 26 (6): 325–334. doi:10.30906/1026-2296-2019-26-6-325-334. ISSN 1026-2296. S2CID 216378292.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 R. Alexander Pyron; John J. Wiens (2011). "A large-scale phylogeny of Amphibia including over 2800 species, and a revised classification of extant frogs, salamanders, and caecilians". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 61 (2): 543–583. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2011.06.012. PMID 21723399.
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