Rhinella
genus of amphibians
This article may have too many red links. (August 2012) |
Rhinella (Beaked Toads or Rio Viejo Toads) is a subgenus of Bufo. Some people call it its own genus. It has 71 species of true toads. They live in Central and South America.
| Rhinella | |
|---|---|
| |
| Cane Toad (Bufo marinus) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | |
| Phylum: | |
| Class: | |
| Order: | |
| Family: | |
| Subgenus: | Rhinella Fitzinger, 1826
|
| Type species | |
| Bufo (Oxyrhynchus) proboscideus Spix, 1824
| |
| Species | |
|
71 species; see table. | |
| Synonyms | |
|
Chaunus Wagler, 1828 | |
Species
changeNote: Species below are shown as species of Rhinella. They are treated as species of Bufo by many authors.
| Binomial Name and Author | Common Name |
|---|---|
| Rhinella abei (Baldissera, Caramaschi & Haddad, 2004) | |
| Rhinella achalensis (Cei, 1972) | Cordoba Toad |
| Rhinella achavali (Maneyro, Arrieta, & de Sá, 2004) | |
| Rhinella acrolopha (Trueb, 1971) | Cerro Mali Beaked Toad |
| Rhinella acutirostris (Spix, 1824) | |
| Rhinella alatus (Thominot, 1884) | |
| Rhinella amabilis (Pramuk and Kadivar, 2003) | |
| Rhinella amboroensis (Harvey & Smith, 1993) | Cochabamba Toad |
| Rhinella arborescandens (Duellman & Schulte, 1992) | Mendoza Pass Toad |
| Rhinella arenarum (Hensel, 1867) | Common Toad; Argentine Toad |
| Rhinella arequipensis (Vellard, 1959) | Rio Chili Toad |
| Rhinella arunco (Molina, 1782) | Arunco; Concepcion Toad |
| Rhinella atacamensis (Cei, 1962) | Vallenar Toad; Atacama Toad |
| Rhinella beebei (Gallardo, 1965) | Rivero's Toad |
| Rhinella bergi (Céspedez, 2000) | |
| Rhinella castaneoticus (Caldwell, 1991) | Para Toad |
| Rhinella ceratophrys (Boulenger, 1882) | Horned Toad |
| Rhinella chavin (Lehr, Köhler, Aguilar & Ponce, 2001) | |
| Rhinella chrysophorus (McCranie, Wilson & Williams, 1989) | Rio Viejo Toad |
| Rhinella cristinae (Vélez-Rodriguez & Ruiz-Carranza, 2002) | |
| Rhinella crucifer (Wied-Neuwied, 1821) | Striped Toad |
| Rhinella dapsilis (Myers & Carvalho, 1945) | Bom Jardim Toad |
| Rhinella diptychus (Cope, 1862) | Cope's Toad |
| Rhinella dorbignyi (Duméril & Bibron, 1841) | Dorbigny's Toad |
| Rhinella fernandezae (Gallardo, 1957) | Bella Vista Toad |
| Rhinella festae (Peracca, 1904) | Valle Santiago Beaked Toad |
| Rhinella fissipes (Boulenger, 1903) | Carabaya Toad |
| Rhinella gallardoi (Carrizo, 1992) | Gallardo's Toad |
| Rhinella gnustae (Gallardo, 1967) | Rio Grande Toad |
| Rhinella granulosus (Spix, 1824) | Common Lesser Toad |
| Rhinella henseli (Lutz, 1934) | |
| Rhinella hoogmoedi (Caramaschi & Pombal, 2006) | |
| Rhinella ictericus (Spix, 1824) | Yellow Cururu Toad |
| Rhinella inca (Stejneger, 1913) | Inca Toad |
| Rhinella iserni (Jiménez de la Espada, 1875) | Rio Perene Toad |
| Rhinella jimi (Stevaux, 2002) | |
| Rhinella justinianoi (Harvey & Smith, 1994) | El Chape Toad |
| Rhinella limensis (Werner, 1901) | Peru Coast Toad |
| Rhinella lindae (Rivero & Castaño, 1990) | Murri Beaked Toad |
| Rhinella macrorhina (Trueb, 1971) | Santa Rita Beaked Toad |
| Rhinella manu Chaparro, Pramuk, and Gluesenkamp, 2007 | |
| Rhinella margaritifer (Laurenti, 1768) | South American Common Toad |
| Rhinella marina (Linnaeus, 1758) | Cane Toad |
| Rhinella multiverrucosus (Lehr, Pramuk & Lundberg, 2005) | |
| Rhinella nesiotes (Duellman & Toft, 1979) | Laguna Toad |
| Rhinella nicefori (Cochran & Goin, 1970) | Colombian Beaked Toad |
| Rhinella ocellatus (Günther, 1858) | Ocellated Toad |
| Rhinella ornatus Spix, 1824 | |
| Rhinella poeppigii (Tschudi, 1845) | Gray Toad |
| Rhinella pombali (Baldissera, Caramaschi & Haddad, 2004) | |
| Rhinella proboscideus (Boulenger, 1882) | Beaked Toad |
| Rhinella pygmaeus (Myers & Carvalho, 1952) | Rio Parahyba Toad |
| Rhinella quechua (Gallardo, 1961) | Incachaca Toad |
| Rhinella roqueanus (Melin, 1941) | |
| Rhinella rostrata (Noble, 1920) | Mesopotamia Beaked Toad |
| Rhinella rubescens (Lutz, 1925) | |
| Rhinella rubropunctatus (Guichenot, 1848) | Rusty Toad |
| Rhinella ruizi (Grant, 2000) | |
| Rhinella rumbolli (Carrizo, 1992) | Salta Toad |
| Rhinella schneideri (Werner, 1894) | Cururu Toad; Schneider's Toad |
| Rhinella scitulus (Caramaschi & de Niemeyer, 2003) | |
| Rhinella sclerocephalus (Mijares-Urrutia & Arends-R., 2001) | |
| Rhinella spinulosus (Wiegmann, 1834) | Warty Toad; Huanuco Toad |
| Rhinella stanlaii (Lötters & Köhler, 2000) | |
| Rhinella sternosignatus (Günther, 1858) | Falcon Toad |
| Rhinella tacana (Padial, Reichle, McDiarmid, & De la Riva, 2006) | |
| Rhinella tenrec (Lynch & Renjifo, 1990) | Antioquia Beaked Toad |
| Rhinella truebae (Lynch & Renjifo, 1990) | Trueb's Beaked Toad |
| Rhinella vellardi (Leviton & Duellman, 1978) | Alto Maranon Toad |
| Rhinella veraguensis (Schmidt, 1857) | Veragua Toad |
| Rhinella veredas (Brandão, Maciel, and Sebben, 2007) |
References
change- Chaparro, Juan Carlos, Jennifer B. Pramuk and Andrew G. Gluesenkamp. 2007. A new species of arboreal Rhinella (Anura: Bufonidae) from a cloud forest of southeastern Peru. Herpetologica. 63 (2): 203-212.
- Pauly, G. B., D. M. Hillis, and D. C, Cannatella. (2004) The history of a Nearctic colonization: Molecular phylogenetics and biogeography of the Nearctic toads (Bufo). Evolution 58: 2517–2535.
- Frost, Darrel (2006). "The Amphibian Tree of Life". Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 297: 1–371.
Other websites
change- Frost, Darrel R. 2007. Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 5.1 (10 October, 2007). Rhinella. Electronic Database accessible at http://research.amnh.org/herpetology/amphibia/index.php. American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA. (Accessed: May 07, 2008).