Robert Edwards
Sir Robert Geoffrey Edwards (27 September 1925 – 10 April 2013) was a British scientist who won the 2010 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work in developing in vitro fertilisation (IVF).[1][2] This method is sometimes called making "test tube babies".
Sir Robert Edwards | |
|---|---|
.jpg) Edwards in 2010 | |
| Born | 27 September 1925 |
| Died | 10 April 2013 (aged 87) England |
| Nationality | English |
| Alma mater | University of Wales, University of Edinburgh |
| Known for | Inventing in vitro fertilisation |
| Awards | Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (2010) |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Medicine |
He began work on his ideas in the 1950s, and the first test tube baby, Louise Brown, was born on 25 July 1978.[2] His research partner from 1968 was Patrick Steptoe (1913–1988).[3] By 2010, more than 4 million babies had been born using the IVF method.[4]
Early life
changeEdwards served in the military in World War II.[1] In 1948, after the war, Edwards went to study at the University of Wales, then to the University of Edinburgh in 1951, where he completed his PhD. His studies had been on how embyros developed in mice.[1] He had a research position at the California Institute of Technology in 1957.[3] In 1958 he returned to England and began work for the National Institute of Medical Research.[3] While at the Institute he began to study human fertilisation.[1] In 1962, he took a up a new job at the University of Glasgow, but in 1963 went to Cambridge University.[3] In 1965 he went back to the US where he was a visiting scientist at Johns Hopkins University and later at the University of North Carolina.[3] he returned to Cambridge and taught physiology from 1969.
He was elected a member of the Academia Europaea in 1989.[5]
IVF
changeWhile scientists had some success in fertilising rabbit eggs in a laboratory, Edwards soon discovered that the process for humans was quite different and much more complex. He spent many years studying the human egg, and how it could best be fertilised by sperm outside the body. He succeeded in fertilising an egg in 1969, but they did not develop.[1] Patrick Steptoe was a British gynecologist who had done a lot of work using a laparoscope to investigate the ovaries. Using the laparoscope he was able to take eggs directly from the ovaries.[1] Edwards was able to use these eggs and successfully fertilize them in a cell culture dish.[1] This discovery caused a lot of debate and discussions about whether this sort of study should be allowed to continue.
Family
changeHis wife was Ruth Fowler Edwards, the granddaughter of physicist Ernest Rutherford and daughter of physicist Ralph Fowler. He has 5 daughters and 12 grandchildren.[6]
Death
changeEdwards died on 10 April 2013 after a long lung illness in England, aged 87.[7]
References
change- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 "The 2010 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine - Press Release". nobelprize.org. Retrieved 6 October 2010.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2010 was awarded to Robert G. Edwards for IVF fertilization". sciencedaily.com. Retrieved 5 October 2010.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Robert G. Edwards Biography. Retrieved 6 October 2010.
{{cite book}}:|work=ignored (help) - ↑ "The 2010 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine - Speed Read". nobelprize.org. Retrieved 6 October 2010.
- ↑ "Robert Edwards". Academia Europaea. Archived from the original on 28 March 2019.
- ↑ Kolata, Gina (10 April 2013). "Robert G. Edwards Dies at 87; Changed Rules of Conception with First 'Test Tube Baby'". The New York Times.
- ↑ "IVF pioneer dies". Cambridge News. Archived from the original on 13 April 2013. Retrieved 10 April 2013.