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Ahmad Shah Massoud (2 September 1953 - 9 September 2001) was a politician, a military commander, and the old government leader of Defense of Afghanistan . He was a leader in the Soviet war in Afghanistan and the Afghan civil wars.

Massoud was one of the greatest guerrilla war chiefs of the 20th century. Other people say he is like Yussip Broz Tito, Ho Chi Minh, and Che Guevara, because he was able to defend his hometown of the Panjshir Valley many times against attacks by the Soviet Red Army and later the Taliban. He defended and stopped the occupation of Panjshir. Later, when Hamid Karzai was president , the Afghan government gave him the title of "national hero". In Afghanistan, the day of his assassination, September 9, has been named as a national day, named Massoud Day. Massoud's friends also gave him the special name "Amar Sahib Shahid" which means "Commander of our Martyr". In 2021, a memorial plaque was prepared and installed in France to honor him. In the same year, the highest honor of Tajikistan was considered to honor him. However, some people refer to him as a war criminal .