Anabolic steroid
Anabolic steroids (anabolic-androgenic steroids)[1] are steroidal androgenics. They include natural androgens such as testosterone and synthetic androgens. The synthetic androgens have similar chemical structure and similar effects to testosterone.
The steroids increase protein within cells, mainly skeletal muscles. They cause the development and maintenance of male secondary sexual characteristics. They stimulate the growth of hair on the face and body.
The word anabolic, in reference to anabolism, comes from the Greek word anabole. That means: "That, which is thrown up, mound".
Androgens (or AAS) were synthesized in the 1930s. They are now used in medicine to bring on muscle growth and appetite. They also cause male puberty. AAS can also be used to treat chronic wasting conditions such as AIDS and cancer.[2]
Long term use of androgens can lead to or cause harmful health effects. These effects include harmful changes in cholesterol levels, acne, high blood pressure and liver damage.
Use of androgens in sports, racing and bodybuilding as performance enhancing drugs is under controversy because of their adverse effects. There is also the chance to gain unfair advantage in physical competitions. The use of androgens in sports is called doping. Their use is banned by most major sporting bodies.
References
change- ↑ Kicman, A. T. (2008). "Pharmacology of Anabolic Steroids". The British Journal of Pharmacology. 154 (3): 502–521. doi:10.1038/bjp.2008.165. PMC 2439524. PMID 18500378.
- ↑ Houglum, Joel E.; Harrelson, Gary L. (2011). Performance-Enhancing Drugs. SLACK Incorporated. ISBN 9781556429019. Retrieved October 19, 2018.