Artiodactyl
The Artiodactyla are even-toed ungulates, an order of mammals. They have an even number of toes: two or four. For example, camelids or animals of the Giraffidae family have two toes, but hippopotami have four toes.
| Even-toed ungulates | |
|---|---|
| |
| Pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | |
| Phylum: | |
| Class: | |
| Infraclass: | |
| Superorder: | |
| Order: | Artiodactyla Owen, 1848
|
| Suborders | |
Whales are ocean creatures without toes, but are classified in the related super-order Cetartiodactyla because their ancestors were even toed ungulates.
DigestionEdit
The ruminants (Ruminantia and Tylopoda) ruminate their food—they regurgitate and re-chew it. This is a very important evolutionary advance. Their stomachs are divided into three to four sections.[2]
After eating, the food re-enters the mouth, where it is chewed again. The food passes to the "fermentation chamber" (rumen and reticulum), where it is kept in continual motion by rhythmic contractions. Microbes (bacteria, protozoa, and fungi) produce cellulase. The cellulase breaks down the cellulose found in plant material.[2]
This form of digestion has two advantages: plants that are indigestible to other species can be digested and used, and time taken for actual food consumption is shorter. The animal spends only a short time out in the open with his head to the ground—rumination can take place later, in a sheltered area.[3]
TaxonomyEdit
- Order Artiodactyla
- Suborder Suina
- Family Suidae
- Family Tayassuidae
- Family Hippopotamidae
- Subfamily †Maiaboarinae
- Suborder Tylopoda
- Family Camelidae
- Suborder Ruminantia
- Family Tragulidae
- Family Moschidae
- Family Cervidae
- Family Giraffidae
- Family Antilocapridae
- Family Bovidae
- Suborder Suina
Related pagesEdit
ReferencesEdit
- ↑ Lucas, Spencer G.; Zeigler, Kate E.; Kondrashov, Peter E. (2004-01-01). Paleogene Mammals: Bulletin 26. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science. p. 205.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Janis, C.; Jarman, P. (1984). Macdonald, D. (ed.). The Encyclopedia of Mammals. New York: Facts on File. pp. 498–499. ISBN 978-0-87196-871-5.
- ↑ Shively, C. L.; et al. (1985). "Some aspects of the nutritional biology of the collared peccary". The Journal of Wildlife Management. 49 (3): 729–732. doi:10.2307/3801702. JSTOR 3801702.
Other websitesEdit
Data related to Artiodactyla at Wikispecies
Media related to Artiodactyla at Wikimedia Commons