Cellular Jail
The Cellular Jail, also known as Kālā Pānī (Hindi for black waters), was a colonial prison in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. The prison was used by the British especially to exile political prisoners to the remote archipelago. Many notable dissidents such as Batukeshwar Dutt, Yogendra Shukla and Vinayak Damodar Savarkar, among others, were imprisoned here during the struggle for India's independence. Today, the complex serves as a national memorial monument.[1]
Architecture
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The construction of the prison started in 1896 and was completed in 1906. The original building was a puce-colored brick building.The bricks used to build the building were brought from Burma.Each of the seven wings had three stories upon completion. There were no dormitories and a total of 696 cells. Each cell was 4.5 by 2.7 metres (14.8 ft × 8.9 ft) in size with a ventilator located at a height of 3 metres (9.8 ft).[2] The name, "cellular jail", derived from the solitary cells which prevented any prisoner from communicating with any other. Also, the spokes were so designed such that the face of a cell in a spoke saw the back of cells in another spoke. This way, communication between prisoners was impossible.[3]
Japanese occupation
changeThe Empire of Japan invaded the Andaman islands in 1942 and drove out the British. The Cellular Jail then became home to British prisoners. During this period, Subhas Chandra Bose also visited the island. In 1945, the British resumed control with the end of World War II.
Post Independence
changeAnother two wings of the jail were demolished after India achieved independence. However, this led to protests from several former prisoners and political leaders who saw it as a way of erasing the evidence of their persecution. The remaining three wings and the central tower were therefore converted into a National Memorial on 11th February 1979 by then Prime Minister of India Shri.Morarji Desai.
The Govind Ballabh Pant Hospital was set up in the premises of the Cellular Jail in 1963. It is now a 500-bed hospital with about 40 doctors serving the local population.[4]The centenary of the jail's completion was marked on 10 March 2006. [5]
Reference
change- ↑ History of Andaman Cellular Jail: Recapture of Andaman Islands to keep Political Prisoners Archived January 18, 2007, at the Wayback Machine. AndamanCellularJail.org. Retrieved 6 August 2010.
- ↑ "Cellular Jail - Darkness At Noon". MapsofIndia.com. Archived from the original on November 1, 2006. Retrieved September 2, 2006.
- ↑ "India Image: Cellular Jail". Andaman and Nicobar Administration website. Archived from the original on May 24, 2006. Retrieved September 2, 2006.
- ↑ "Dedication of INSAT- 3C/ Inauguration of Andaman & Nicobar Islands Tele-medicine Project (G B Pant Hospital)" (Press release). Indian Space Research Organization. Archived from the original on February 29, 2004. Retrieved September 3, 2006.
- ↑ "Cellular Jail completes 100 years". Andaman & Nicobar Administration website. Archived from the original on May 28, 2006. Retrieved September 2, 2006.