Chewing gum
Chewing gum is a type of candy flavored with natural sugar or artificial sweeteners and also flavors such as mint. Gum is made to be chewed, and not swallowed. People chew gum for personal enjoyment and also to help clean teeth. Before it is chewed, the gum comes either soft and chewy or hard and then softens in your mouth. People are usually finished with gum once all the flavor is extracted, or their mouth becomes sore. Once people are done with gum, they throw it away.
History
changeChewing gum was invented at least 5000 years ago and in many places, made from many different plants.
| Ancient civilization | Chewing gum precursor |
|---|---|
| Ancient Greece | Mastic tree bark |
| Ancient Maya | Chicle |
| Chinese | Ginseng plant roots |
| Inuit | Blubber |
| Native Americans | Sugar pine and spruce sap |
| South Americans | Coca leaves |
| South Asia (India) | Betel nuts |
| Tropical West Africa | Kola nuts |
| United States (early settlers) | Tobacco leaves |
The first commercial chewing gum, called The State of Maine Pure Spruce Gum, was made in 1848. In 1850 the first gum made from paraffin wax was produced. It was often eaten with powdered sugar. The first flavored chewing gum was created in the 1860s by John Colgan, in Louisville, Kentucky.[2] About the same time modern chewing gum was first developed when chicle was brought from Mexico by the former president, General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna. It was marketed as Adams New York Chewing Gum in 1871. Black Jack, which is flavored with licorice started in 1884, Chiclets (1899), and Wrigley's Spearmint Gum were early popular gums that quickly dominated the market and are all still around today.[3]
American soldiers in WWII were supplied with chewing gum as a ration. They traded it with locals which widened the market. Chewing gum is less popular now.
Types
changeStick Gum
change- In a stick form
- In different flavors but mostly in refreshing, tropical ones
Bubble gum
change- Is the best gum to make bubbles with
- In many fruit flavors
- Mostly common in cubes [source?]
Jawbreaker Gum
change- In small hard shape (mostly sphere) with a soft center
Functional Gum
change- They have medical function
- It has vitamins or different minerals in it
Nicotine Gum
change- It tries to help people stop smoking
- It gives old smokers something to do instead of smoking
- It contains a small amount of nicotine
- Is not an alternative to smoking
Effects
changeHealth
changeThe effects of chewing gum on health vary. Sugar free chewing gum is sometimes recommended by dentists, because it can clean the teeth. Chewing gum which contains sugar can, depending on the kind of sugar, harm the teeth. Gum can help to avoid snacks.[6][7]
Environment
changeThe new version of chewing gum has environmental effects, because it cannot rot easily. Also, it is hard to clean up if it sticks somewhere.[8]
Other
changeChewing gum can have a good effect on concentration. There are many other effects on people coming from different new invented chewing gums, like dry mouth gum, or energy gum.[9]
References
change- ↑ Cite error: The named reference
:0was used but no text was provided for refs named (see the help page). - ↑ CalmX, some as; Artist, Was an Experimental; Director, Film; producer; Creator, Video Game Content; inventors, freelance writer for some 18 years She specialized in writing about; inventions; March 2015, in particular Bellis died in. "How We Have Bubble Gum Today". ThoughtCo.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ↑ Smithsonian, Eeva (2012). "Brief History of Chewing Gum". Energy & Fuels. 26 (2): 1275–83. doi:10.1021/ef2018836.
- ↑ http://www.ehow.com/list_7579660_different-types-chewing-gum.html
- ↑ "Chewing Gums Types". www.chewinggumfacts.com.
- ↑ "Risky chewing gum, gum, gum..." www.janethull.com. Archived from the original on 2013-03-10. Retrieved 2013-02-16.
- ↑ http://www.ehow.com/list_6039457_health-effects-chewing-gum.html
- ↑ "Behind the Label: chewing gum". The Ecologist.
- ↑ "Healthfully".
