Chitrali language
Indo-Aryan language of the Dardic group spoken in Chitral Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Gilgit region of Pakistan
Chitrali language (Urdu:چترالی زبان) is a Dardic language. It is spoken by 332,200 people. These people live in the Chitral District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
| Chitrali | |
|---|---|
| چترالی زبان | |
 | |
| Native to | Pakistan |
| Region | Chitral District |
| Ethnicity | Chitralis |
Native speakers | 580,000 (2004)[1] |
| Nastaliq alphabet | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | – |
| ELP | Khowar |
Loanwords
changeChitrali language has many loanwords are present from various languages include Arabic, Persian, and Urdu. It also has words from Sanskrit and Ancient Greek.
Alphabet
changeThe Chitrali alphabet is based on the Arabic alphabet.
| Letter | Name of letter | Transcription | IPA |
|---|---|---|---|
| ا | alif | ā/aa, a, i, u | /ɑː/, /ə/, /ɪ/, /ʊ/ |
| ب | be | b | /b/ |
| پ | pe | p | /p/ |
| ت | te | t | /t̪/ |
| ٹ | ṭe | ṭ | /ʈ/ |
| ث | se | (s) | /s/ |
| ج | jīm | j | /d͡ʒ/ |
| چ | če | č | /t͡ʃ/ |
| ح | baṛī he | (h) | /h/ |
| خ | xe | x | /x/ |
| د | dāl | d | /d̪/ |
| ڈ | ḍāl | ḍ | /ɖ/ |
| ذ | zāl | (z) | /z/ |
| ر | re | r | /r/ |
| ڑ | ṛe | ṛ | /r~ɫ/ |
| ز | ze | z | /z/ |
| ژ | že | ž/zh | /ʒ/ |
| س | sīn | s | /s/ |
| ش | šīn | š/sh | /ʃ/ |
| ص | su'ād | (s) | /s/ |
| ض | zu'ād | (z) | /z/ |
| ط | to'e | (t) | /t/ |
| ظ | zo'e | (z) | /z/ |
| ع | ‘ain | ', a, i, u | /ʔ/, /ə/, /ɪ/, /ʊ/ |
| غ | ǧain | ǧ/gh | /ɣ/ |
| ف | fe | f | /f/ |
| ق | qāf | q | /q/ |
| ک | kāf | k | /k/ |
| گ | gāf | g | /ɡ/ |
| ل | lām | l | /l/ |
| ڵ | łām | ł | /lʲ/ |
| م | mīm | m | /m/ |
| ن | nūn | n | /n/ |
| ں | nūn ǧunnā | _̃ | /◌̃/ |
| و | wā'o | w, o, au, or ū | /ʋ/, /oː/, /ɔ/ or /uː/ |
| ہ | čoṭī he | h | /h/ |
| ھ | do čašmī he | _h | /ʰ/ |
| ء | hamza | ' | /ʔ/ |
| ى | choti ye | y, ī | /j/ or /iː/ |
| ے | barī ye | ai or e | /ɛː/, or /eː/ |
Related pages
changeMore reading
change
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Khowar.
- Elena Bashir, (2001) Spatial Representation in Khowar. Proceedings of the 36th Annual Meeting of the Chicago Linguistic Society. Chicago: Chicago Linguistic Society.
- Kendall D. Decker, (1992) Languages of Chitral ISBN 969-8023-15-1
- Erik L’Homme, (1999) Parlons Khowar. Langue et culture de l’ancien royaume de Chitral au Pakistan. Paris: L’Harmattan
- Georg Morgenstierne, (1936) Iranian Elements in Khowar. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, Vol. VIII, London.
- Badshah munir Bukhari (2001) Khowar language. University publisher.Pakistan
- Georg Morgenstierne, (1947) Some Features of Khowar Morphology. Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap, Vol. XIV, Oslo.
- Georg Morgenstierne, (1957) Sanskritic Words in Khowar. Felicitation Volume Presented to S.K. Belvalkar. Benares. 84-98 [Reprinted in Morgenstierne (1973): Irano-Dardica, 267-72]
- Mohammad Ismail Sloan (1981) Khowar-English Dictionary. Peshawar. ISBN 0-923891-15-3.
