Devi Movement
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The Devi Movement[1] was a social reformative movement started by Koli caste in Gujarat and Maharashtra states of India in 1920 to give up alcoholic drinks and meat.[2] Most of the tribal communities were influenced by this movement and stopped working for Parsis because Parsis mostly ate meat and consumed the alcoholic drinks.[3] The Devi movement among the tribes of the adjoining areas of Gujarat and Maharashtra had combined the elements of Bhakti religion and protest against exploitation of moneylenders and liquor dealers.[4]
Spread
change| Native name | देवी आंदोलन |
|---|---|
| Date | 1920 |
| Location | Gujarat - Maharashtra |
| Also known as | Social Reformative Movement |
The Devi Movement spread over Thana, Nashik, Bharuch and Baroda districts of Maharashtra and Gujarat states.[5] Conditions for Adivasis improved a little as a result.[6]
In 1921, the Koli peasants of Gujarat were more active in social reform movements during Mahatma Gandhi's non-cooperation movement.[7] The excise revenue of Surat district fell by Rs 350,000. In Jalalpor taluka large numbers of Koli peasants chopped down their toddy trees and picketed liquor and toddy shops. People who continued to drink suffered severe social isolation.
Under the direct guidance of Vallabhbhai Patel, the Baroda State Praja Mandal carried on the Devi Movement. The campaign continued during the Civil Disobedience Movement of 1930 - 31.[8]
Fall of Devi Movement
changeIn Jalalpor taluka a Devi medium was prosecuted for forcing a Parsi toddy-shop owner to pay a fine of Rs 120 to a local nationalist school. He was judged guilty of extortion and sentenced to fifteen days imprisonment and a fine of Rs 300. The Devi Movement was already weak in this area, and by early February 1923, the local police chief reported that the movement had died down as a result of the prosecution.[2]
Eventually, the Devi Movement was crushed when the British government in India punished the movement's leader.[9]
References
change- ↑ Chaudhuri, Buddhadeb (1992). Tribal Transformation in India. New Delhi, India: Inter-India Publications. pp. 290: A movement called Devi movement originated in Maharashtra and Gujarat started in 1920 by Mangela Koli. ISBN 978-81-210-0271-4.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Hardiman, David (2007). Histories for the Subordinated. New Delhi, India: Seagull Books. p. 84. ISBN 978-1-905422-38-8.
- ↑ Deogaonkar, Shashishekhar Gopal (1994). Tribal Administration and Development: With Ethnographic Profiles of Selected Tribes. New Delhi, India, Asia: Concept Publishing Company. p. 187. ISBN 978-81-7022-534-8.
- ↑ Singh, Yogendra (2010). Social Sciences: Communication, Anthropology, and Sociology. New Delhi, India: Longman. p. 270. ISBN 978-81-317-1883-4.
- ↑ Deogaonkar 1994, pp. 187.
- ↑ Dossal, Mariam; Maloni, Ruby (1999). State Intervention and Popular Response: Western India in the Nineteenth Century. New Delhi, India: Popular Prakashan. pp. 137: A most remarkable development, however, was the ' Devi ' movement which originated among the adivasis in a coastal taluka in Thana in 1922, and spread over south Gujarat . It appears to have started among the Mangela Koli fishermen. ISBN 978-81-7154-855-2.
- ↑ Haq, M. (2000-07-12). Drugs in South Asia: From the Opium Trade to the Present Day. New Delhi, India, Asia: Springer. p. 87. ISBN 978-0-333-98143-6.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ↑ Hardiman 2007, pp. 230.
- ↑ Doniger, Wendy (2010-09-30). The Hindus: An Alternative History. New Delhi, India: OUP Oxford. pp. 631–632. ISBN 978-0-19-959334-7.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)