Eritrean–Ethiopian War

Eritrean–Ethiopian War
Date	6 May 1998 – 25 May 2000
Location	Eritrean–Ethiopian border
Result	Ethiopian military victory,; Eritrean international court victory
Belligerents
; Eritrea	; Ethiopia
Commanders and leaders
Isaias Afewerki; Sebhat Ephrem	Meles Zenawi; Tsadkan Gebre-Tensae
Casualties and losses
Estimates vary:; 19,000; 20,000–50,000; 67,000; 150,000	Estimates vary:; 34,000; 60,000; 123,000; 150,000

The Eritrean–Ethiopian War was a war between Ethiopia and Eritrea. It lasted from May 1998 to June 2000. Both countries spent hundreds of millions of dollars on the war,^[11]^[12]^[13] and tens of thousands of people were killed by the conflict.^[14] The war resulted in small changes to the border between the two countries.

Eritrea's war of independence lasted for 30 years, on and off; it was started in 1961 and finished in 1991 when Eritrea finally became independent. While this was going on, there was also a civil war in Ethiopia, which began in 1975. This war was started by Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF) as a rebellion to overthrow the Marxist military dictatorship of Derg (a military committee that had overthrown Emperor Haile Selassie in 1974). TPLF and the Eritrean People's Liberation Front were formidable allies during the civil war, but then Ethiopia and Eritrea could not agree on where the border was after Eritrea's independence. One of the main areas of conflict was focused on Badme.

Events

The war took place from May 1998 to June 2000. It become one of the most violent wars in Africa. Ethiopia and Eritrea are some of the poorest countries in the world, but hundreds of millions of dollars were spent on the wars. Tens of thousands of people were killed in the conflicts.

The fighting quickly increased to using artillery and tanks. On 5 June 1998, the Ethiopians launched air attacks on the airport in Asmara and the Eritreans retaliated by attacking the airport of Mekele. These raids caused civilian casualties and deaths on both sides of the border. The United Nations Security Council adopted Resolution 1177 condemning the use of force and welcomed statements from both sides to end the air strikes.

After the war

The border dispute was settled on 13 April 2002, when an international court heard the case and made a decision. It was decided that the area around Badme belonged to Eritrea. This area, however, was occupied by Ethiopian forces. On 10 December 2005, Ethiopia announced that it was withdrawing some of its forces from the border. As of 2013, Ethiopia still occupies Badme.

References

↑ David Hamilton Shinn, Historical Dictionary of Ethiopia. The Scarecrow Press, inc.: Lanham, Maryland; Toronto; Oxford, 2004, pp. 387–8.
↑ Claimed by President Isaias Afeworki, 2001. Shinn, Historical Dictionary of Ethiopia, p.149
↑ "Eritrea reveals human cost of war". BBC News. 20 June 2001. Retrieved 2007-03-12.
↑ Banks, Arthur; Muller, Thomas; and Overstreet, William, ed. Political Handbook of the World 2005–6 (A Division of Congressional Quarterly, Inc.: Washington, D.C., 2005), p.366. 156802952-7
↑ Claimed by Chief of Staffs of ENDF, Tsadkan Gebre-Tensae. Shinn, Historical Dictionary of Ethiopia, p. 149.
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 "Former U.S. Ambassador: Eritrea and Ethiopia Unlikely To Resume War". Archived from the original on 2012-03-01. Retrieved 2013-02-09.
↑ Claimed by Chief of Staffs Tsadkan Gebre-Tensae. Shinn, Historical Dictionary of Ethiopia, p. 149.
↑ Claimed by Major General Samora Yunis. Shinn, Historical Dictionary of Ethiopia, p. 149.
↑ Claimed on 8 April 2002 by the Voice of the Democratic Path of Ethiopian Unity, an Ethiopian clandestine opposition group operating from Germany. The claim also stated that each family that lost a member in the war would receive $350 in indemnity, but this number has not been verified, although it has been often cited by other groups (see Number of war dead soldiers reportedly 123,000 Archived 2007-12-25 at the Wayback Machine – internet news message; and clandestineradio.com Archived 2014-11-10 at the Wayback Machine audio button Archived 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine), and no indemnities have been paid as of 2007^[update]. Shinn, Historical Dictionary of Ethiopia, p. 149
↑ "Ethiopia: Number of war dead soldiers reportedly 123,000" (in Amharic). Wonchif. 2001-04-10.
↑ Will arms ban slow war? BBC 18 May 2000
↑ Nicole Winfield, (Associated Press). UN hints at sanctions if Eritrea and Ethiopia do not end fighting Archived 2010-10-08 at the Wayback Machine, The Independent, 13 May 2000
↑ Staff. Ethiopia rejects war criticism, BBC, 14 April 2000
↑
Tens of thousands
- Eritrea: Final deal with Ethiopia BBC 4 December 2000
- Eritrea orders Westerners in UN mission out in 10 days Archived 2008-06-19 at the Wayback Machine, International Herald Tribune, 7 December 2005

[1] David Hamilton Shinn, Historical Dictionary of Ethiopia. The Scarecrow Press, inc.: Lanham, Maryland; Toronto; Oxford, 2004, pp. 387–8.

[2] Claimed by President Isaias Afeworki, 2001. Shinn, Historical Dictionary of Ethiopia, p.149

[3] "Eritrea reveals human cost of war". BBC News. 20 June 2001. Retrieved 2007-03-12.

[4] Banks, Arthur; Muller, Thomas; and Overstreet, William, ed. Political Handbook of the World 2005–6 (A Division of Congressional Quarterly, Inc.: Washington, D.C., 2005), p.366. 156802952-7

[5] Claimed by Chief of Staffs of ENDF, Tsadkan Gebre-Tensae. Shinn, Historical Dictionary of Ethiopia, p. 149.

[jimmatimes.com-6] 6.0 ^6.1 "Former U.S. Ambassador: Eritrea and Ethiopia Unlikely To Resume War". Archived from the original on 2012-03-01. Retrieved 2013-02-09.

[7] Claimed by Chief of Staffs Tsadkan Gebre-Tensae. Shinn, Historical Dictionary of Ethiopia, p. 149.

[8] Claimed by Major General Samora Yunis. Shinn, Historical Dictionary of Ethiopia, p. 149.

[9] Claimed on 8 April 2002 by the Voice of the Democratic Path of Ethiopian Unity, an Ethiopian clandestine opposition group operating from Germany. The claim also stated that each family that lost a member in the war would receive $350 in indemnity, but this number has not been verified, although it has been often cited by other groups (see Number of war dead soldiers reportedly 123,000 Archived 2007-12-25 at the Wayback Machine – internet news message; and clandestineradio.com Archived 2014-11-10 at the Wayback Machine audio button Archived 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine), and no indemnities have been paid as of 2007^[update]. Shinn, Historical Dictionary of Ethiopia, p. 149

[10] "Ethiopia: Number of war dead soldiers reportedly 123,000" (in Amharic). Wonchif. 2001-04-10.

[BBC_arms_ban-11] Will arms ban slow war? BBC 18 May 2000

[12] Nicole Winfield, (Associated Press). UN hints at sanctions if Eritrea and Ethiopia do not end fighting Archived 2010-10-08 at the Wayback Machine, The Independent, 13 May 2000

[13] Staff. Ethiopia rejects war criticism, BBC, 14 April 2000

[Tens-of-thousands-14] Tens of thousands
Eritrea: Final deal with Ethiopia BBC 4 December 2000

Eritrea orders Westerners in UN mission out in 10 days Archived 2008-06-19 at the Wayback Machine, International Herald Tribune, 7 December 2005

[15] Eritrea: Final deal with Ethiopia BBC 4 December 2000

[16] Eritrea orders Westerners in UN mission out in 10 days Archived 2008-06-19 at the Wayback Machine, International Herald Tribune, 7 December 2005

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