Execution of Saddam Hussein
The execution of former Iraqi President Saddam Hussein took place on 30 December 2006. Hussein was sentenced to death by hanging, after being found guilty of crimes against humanity by the Iraqi Special Tribunal. These charges were mainly because of Hussein's role for the Dujail massacre—the killing of 148 Iraqi Shi'ites in the town of Dujail—in 1982.[1]
Before being executed, Saddam began to recite the Shahada twice and shouted his hate for America.[2] When he was at the end of his second recitation when he was about to say "Muhammad", the trapdoor opened, causing Hussein's death.[3]
The execution was recorded by the Iraqi government. It showed him being taken to the execution location and being put the noose around his neck. Another cellphone video caused controversy after it showed people cheering after his execution.[4] In the video, the sound of Hussein's neck breaking can be heard.[5]
Legality
changeSome people think the trial was not fair. Human Rights Watch issued a statement that the "execution follows a flawed trial and marks a significant step away from the rule of law in Iraq".[6] Amnesty International issued a statement that it "opposed the death penalty in all circumstances but it was especially egregious when this ultimate punishment is imposed after an unfair trial".[7] Two days before the execution, the International Federation of Human Rights released a statement calling upon the head of state to issue a moratorium on the death sentence pronounced against Saddam by hanging. The organization also said Saddam should be treated as a prisoner of war under the Geneva Conventions.[8] Lawyers for Saddam called the trial "a flagrant violation of international law" and plan to continue "using all legal paths available locally and internationally until public opinion gets the truth about this political assassination".[9] In a separate statement, Saddam's American defense lawyer called the execution "an unfortunate display of arrogant aggressor's justice by the United States of America under the leadership of American President George W. Bush. It sets back achievements in international criminal law many decades and sends a clear message to people all over the world that the United States' aggression cannot be stopped by the law. It is truly a sad day for international justice and sad beginning to a new year."[10] Juan Cole said that the execution might lead to more sectarian turmoil. "The trial and execution of Saddam were about revenge, not justice. Instead of promoting national reconciliation, this act of revenge helped Saddam portray himself one last time as a symbol of Sunni Arab resistance, and became one more incitement to sectarian warfare", he said.[11]
However, other legal experts disagreed with these assertions and claims. Miranda Sissons, at the time an independent observer of the trial[12] and a senior associate at the International Center for Transitional Justice, stated, "This was not a sham trial", and added the Iraqi judges presiding over the trial did "their best to try this case to an entirely new standard for Iraq".[13] Jonathan Drimmer, winner of the first U.S. Department of Justice Assistant Attorney General Award for Human Rights Law Enforcement[14] and a teacher at Georgetown University Law Center in Washington, DC,was asked if the trial met the standards of international justice. He said, "The answer is no. But to look at the ultimate verdict, it certainly is consistent with the evidence presented", and further added the trial was both "a transparent proceeding" and "a major step for Iraq".[13] Michael Scharf, a professor at Case Western Reserve University School of Law at the time, who also advised the Iraqi tribunal during the trial, responding to accusations by Saddam's defense team stated, "The U.S. government was not the puppet master of this tribunal" and added, "Saddam was convicted on the strength of his own documents", referring to documents signed by Saddam himself approving execution orders.[13]
References
change- ↑ "Saddam buried in village of his birth". Associated Press. 31 December 2006. Retrieved 31 December 2006.
- ↑ "Witness to Saddam's death". BBC. 30 December 2006. Archived from the original on 3 January 2007. Retrieved 30 December 2006.
- ↑ Unidentified videographer (2006). Video (MMS). Anwarweb. Archived from the original on 29 August 2011. Retrieved 30 December 2006.
- ↑ Tavernise, Sabrina (1 January 2007). "For Sunnis, Dictator's Degrading End Signals Ominous Dawn for the New Iraq". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 4 February 2019. Retrieved 1 January 2007.
- ↑ "Saddam Hussein Hanging Video Shows Defiance, Taunts and Glee". National Ledger. 1 January 2007. Archived from the original on 23 March 2007. Retrieved 20 January 2007.
- ↑ "Iraq: Saddam Hussein Put to Death". Human Rights Watch. 30 December 2006. Archived from the original on 4 January 2007. Retrieved 30 December 2006.
- ↑ "Amnesty International condemns Iraqi Appeal Court verdict against Saddam Hussein and co-accused". Amnesty International. 30 December 2006. Archived from the original on 3 January 2007. Retrieved 30 December 2006.
- ↑ "Iraq: No to death penalty ratification!". International Federation for Human Rights. 27 December 2006. Archived from the original on 12 January 2007. Retrieved 2023-03-14.
- ↑ "Saddam a martyr – lawyers". News24.com. 30 December 2006. Archived from the original on 22 December 2007.
- ↑ Williams, Desiree N. (30 December 2006). "Saddam lawyers decry 'political assassination' in statement". Jurist. University of Pittsburgh School of Law. Archived from the original on 2 September 2007.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ↑ Cole, Juan (30 December 2006). "Saddam: The death of a dictator". Salon. Archived from the original on 18 April 2008.
- ↑ "Human rights activist Miranda Sissons maybe the answer to Facebook's digital hate woes". 29 January 2020.
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 Preston, Julia (6 November 2006). "Hussein Trial Was Flawed but Reasonably Fair, and Verdict Was Justified, Legal Experts Say". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331.
- ↑ "Jonathan Drimmer | Our People". Business for Social Responsibility.
