Gippsland Lakes
The Gippsland Lakes are a network of lakes, marshes and lagoons in east Gippsland, Victoria, Australia. They cover an area of about 354 square kilometres (137 sq mi). The largest of the lakes are Lake Wellington, Lake King and Lake Victoria. Water enters the lakes from the Avon, Thomson, Latrobe, Mitchell, Nicholson and Tambo rivers.
History
changeThe Gippsland Lakes were formed by two main actions. The first was by silt from the rivers creating river deltas. The Mitchell River created silt jetties which run into Lake King for several kilometres. The second action was the sea in Bass Strait which created the Ninety Mile Beach which blocked the rivers from reaching the sea.
Once the rivers were blocked the water level of the lakes would gradually rise. The water would finally break through the barrier beach and the level would drop to sea-level. Eventually the beach would close-off the lakes and the cycle would begin again. Sometimes it would take many years before a new channel to the sea was formed and it was not always in the same place as the last one.
In 1889 a wall was built to fix the position of a natural channel between the lakes and the ocean at Lakes Entrance. This stabilised the water level, made a harbour for fishing boats and opened the lakes to shipping. This entrance needs to be dredged regularly, or the same process that created the Gippsland Lakes would maker the entrance too shallow for ships to pass through.
Due to the flooding, in 2011, Gippsland Lakes were experiencing bioluminescence.[1]
Environment
changeThe lakes support numerous species of wildlife. There are two protected areas: The Lakes National Park and Gippsland Lakes Coastal Park. The Gippsland Lakes wetlands are protected by the international Ramsar Convention on wetlands. There are also approximately 400 indigenous flora species and 300 native fauna species. Three plants, two of them being orchid species, are listed as endangered.
Burrunan dolphins
changeThe lakes are home to about 50 Bottlenose dolphin, the Burrunan dolphin (Tursiops australis).[2]
Birds
changeThe wetlands provide habitat for about 20,000 waterbirds. This includes birds from Siberia and Alaska. The lakes have been identified by BirdLife International as an Important Bird Area (IBA) because they regularly support over 1% of the global populations of Black Swans, Chestnut Teals and Musk Ducks, as well as many Fairy Terns.[3]
Panorama
change
Geography
changeThe Gippsland Lakes are, in order of size:
- Lake Wellington
- Lake Victoria
- Lake King
- Lake Reeve
- Lake Tyers
- Lake Coleman
Lake Wellington
changeLake Wellington covers an area of 148.19 square kilometres. It is connected to Lake Victoria by McLennan Strait.[4]
Lake Victoria
changeLake Victoria covers an area of 78.14 square kiolmetres.[4]
Lake King
changeLake King covers an area of 96.84 square kilometres.[4]
Lake Reeve
changeLake Reeve is a long lake, with many salt marshes.[4]
Lake Tyers
changeLake Tyers is not connected to the other Gippsland Lakes, and makes its own entrance to Bass Strait.[4]
Lake Coleman
changeThe eastern shore of Lake Coleman is part of the Lake Coleman Wildlife Reserve.[5] There is also a small reserve on the western shore called the Lake Coleman West Wildlife Reserve. The reserve covers an area of about 1500 hectares.[6] Most of Lake Coleman is used by the Department of Defence for training purposes.[4]
References
change- ↑ "Bioluminescence in the Gippsland Lakes - Phil Hart". philhart.com.
- ↑ Researcher discovers new dolphin species in Victoria, Monash University, 15 September 2011.
- ↑ "IBA: Gippsland Lakes". Birdata. Birds Australia. Archived from the original on 2011-07-06. Retrieved 2011-06-24.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 Gippsland Lakes Ramsar Site. Deptartment of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Poulation and Communities. March 2010. pp. 1–34.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: year (link) - ↑ "Lake Coleman Wildlife Reserve". Parks Victoria. 2014. Archived from the original on 22 November 2015. Retrieved 27 April 2014.
- ↑ "Map of Lake Coleman State Game Reserve in Victoria". Bonzle Digital Atlas of Australia. 2014. Retrieved 27 April 2014.
Other websites
change
Media related to East Gippsland at Wikimedia Commons
- Gippsland Lakes Coastal Park Archived 2007-10-06 at the Wayback Machine webpage at Parks Victoria
- Gippsland Coastal Board Archived 2007-10-25 at the Wayback Machine
- The Lakes National Park & Gippsland Lakes Coastal Park Plan Archived 2007-10-31 at the Wayback Machine
- Gippsland Ports Authority website
- Gippsland Lakes Ministerial Advisory Committee website
- East Gippsland Catchment Management Authority (2013). East Gippsland regional catchment strategy 2013 -2019 (PDF). Bairnsdale: East Gippsland Catchment Management Authority. ISBN 978-0-9758164-6-2. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-01-14. Retrieved 2014-04-14.