Human zoo

public exhibit of members of a foreign nation

A human zoo was an exhibition that showed people from other cultures. Very often, this was done in similar ways than animals are shown in zoological gardens today. Most such exhibitions were done between 1870 and 1940. Human zoos attracted many people in Europe. They were often based on the idea of unilinealism, scientific racism and social Darwinism. Unilinealism or unilineal evolution is the idea that evolution happens only in one direction; some animal will be "at the peak" of evolution. Because of these ideas, some human zoos placed indigenous people (particularly Africans) in a continuum somewhere between the great apes and humans of European descent. Ethnographic zoos have since been criticized as highly degrading and racist.

Natives of Tierra del Fuego (Argentine Patagonia) brought to Paris by the Maître in 1889.
Ad for a human zoo, 1893/1894 at Tierpark Hagenbeck

Usually, these exhibitions were made to follow stereotypes. These used ideas from racism.