Indian National Congress
The Indian National Congress (INC), also called the Congress Party, is a major Indian political party. The party was founded in 1885.[17] It is in the opposition against the ruling NDA coalition led by Bharatiya Janata Party. As of 2024's first quarter, the Congress Party is the largest opposition party.
Indian National Congress | |
|---|---|
 | |
| President | Mallikarjun Kharge |
| Founded | 28 December 1885 |
| Ideology | Liberalism[4] Secularism[5] Social democracy[6] |
| Political position | Centre[9] to centre-left[16] |
| Website | |
| www | |
It is the largest constituent party of the UPA, a coalition of Indian political parties that form the opposition against the ruling NDA coalition. The party's parliamentary chairperson is Sonia Gandhi. It has registered its worst performance in an election in the 2014 Lok Sabha elections.
In 1969, the party suffered a major split. A faction was led by Indira Gandhi, leaving to establish the Congress (R), with the remainder becoming the Congress (O). The Congress (R) became the dominant faction, winning the 1971 general election with a considerable margin. However, another split occurred in 1979, leading to the creation of the Congress (I), which was recognized as the Congress by the Electoral Commission in 1981. Under Rajiv Gandhi's leadership, the party won a massive victory in the 1984 general elections, nevertheless losing the election held in 1989 to the National Front. The Congress then returned to power under P. V. Narasimha Rao, who moved the party towards an economically liberal agenda, a sharp break from previous leaders. However, it lost the 1996 general election and was replaced in government by the National Front (then the BJP). After a record eight years out of office, the Congress-led coalition known as the United Progressive Alliance (UPA) under Manmohan Singh formed a government post-winning 2004 general elections. Subsequently, the UPA again established the government after winning the 2009 general elections, and Singh became the first Prime Minister since Nehru in 1962 to be re-elected after completing a full five-year term. However, in the 2014 general election, the Congress suffered a heavy defeat, winning only 48 seats of the 543-member Lok Sabha (the lower house of the Parliament of India). In the 2019 general election, the party again suffered a heavy defeat, winning only 52 seats in the Lok Sabha.
References
change- ↑ Emiliano Bosio; Yusef Waghid, eds. (31 October 2022). Global Citizenship Education in the Global South: Educators' Perceptions and Practices. Brill. p. 270. ISBN 9789004521742.
- ↑ DeSouza, Peter Ronald (2006). India's Political Parties Readings in Indian Government and Politics series. SAGE Publishing. p. 420. ISBN 978-9-352-80534-1.
- ↑ Rosow, Stephen J.; George, Jim (2014). Globalization and Democracy. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 91–96. ISBN 978-1-442-21810-9.
- ↑ [1][2][3]
- ↑ Soper, J. Christopher; Fetzer, Joel S. (2018). Religion and Nationalism in Global Perspective. Cambridge University Press. pp. 200–210. ISBN 978-1-107-18943-0.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Lowell Barrington (2009). Comparative Politics: Structures and Choices. Cengage Learning. p. 379. ISBN 978-0-618-49319-7.
- ↑ "Political Parties – NCERT" (PDF). National Council of Educational Research and Training. Retrieved 8 May 2021.
- ↑ Jean-Pierre Cabestan, Jacques deLisle, ed. (2013). Inside India Today (Routledge Revivals). Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-04823-5.
... were either guarded in their criticism of the ruling party – the centrist Indian National Congress – or attacked it almost invariably from a rightist position. This was so for political and commercial reasons, which are explained, ...
- ↑ [6][7][8]
- ↑ Essa, Azad (3 July 2023). "Hostile homelands: the new alliance between India and Israel". International Affairs. 99 (4): 1820–1821. Retrieved 27 August 2024.
- ↑ "Title : 2019 Indian General Election: The social media strategies of the Bharatiya Janata Party and the Indian National Congress". nms.kcl.ac.uk. King's College London. 11 January 2019. Retrieved 27 August 2024.
- ↑ "Modi's party makes surprise comeback in India's richest state". France24. 23 November 2019. Retrieved 27 August 2024.
- ↑ Dhar, Aniruddha (4 December 2023). "Assembly election results 2023: What foreign media said about PM Modi as BJP wins MP, Rajasthan, Chhattisgarh". Hindustan Times. Retrieved 27 August 2024.
- ↑ Harikrishnan, Sasikumar (30 October 2022). Social Spaces and the Public Sphere A Spatial-history of Modernity in Kerala. India: Taylor & Francis. ISBN 9781000786583.
- ↑ Moinuddin, Shekh (10 March 2021). Digital Shutdowns and Social Media Spatiality, Political Economy and Internet Shutdowns in India. Germany: Springer International Publishing. p. 99. ISBN 9783030678883.
- ↑ [10][11][12][13][14][15]
- ↑ IH Qureshi, 'Indian Politics: A History 1962
