Chitrali language

Indo-Aryan language of the Dardic group spoken in Chitral Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Gilgit region of Pakistan
(Redirected from Khowar)

Chitrali language (Urdu:چترالی زبان) is a Dardic language. It is spoken by 332,200 people. These people live in the Chitral District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.

Chitrali
چترالی زبان
Native toPakistan
RegionChitral District
EthnicityChitralis
Native speakers
580,000 (2004)[1]
Nastaliq alphabet
Language codes
ISO 639-3
ELPKhowar

Loanwords

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Chitrali language has many loanwords are present from various languages include Arabic, Persian, and Urdu. It also has words from Sanskrit and Ancient Greek.

Alphabet

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The Chitrali alphabet is based on the Arabic alphabet.

Letter Name of letter Transcription IPA
ا alif ā/aa, a, i, u /ɑː/, /ə/, /ɪ/, /ʊ/
ب be b /b/
پ pe p /p/
ت te t /t̪/
ٹ ṭe /ʈ/
ث se (s) /s/
ج jīm j /d͡ʒ/
چ če č /t͡ʃ/
ح baṛī he (h) /h/
خ xe x /x/
د dāl d /d̪/
ڈ ḍāl /ɖ/
ذ zāl (z) /z/
ر re r /r/
ڑ ṛe /r~ɫ/
ز ze z /z/
ژ že ž/zh /ʒ/
س sīn s /s/
ش šīn š/sh /ʃ/
ص su'ād (s) /s/
ض zu'ād (z) /z/
ط to'e (t) /t/
ظ zo'e (z) /z/
ع ‘ain ', a, i, u /ʔ/, /ə/, /ɪ/, /ʊ/
غ ǧain ǧ/gh /ɣ/
ف fe f /f/
ق qāf q /q/
ک kāf k /k/
گ gāf g /ɡ/
ل lām l /l/
ڵ łām ł /lʲ/
م mīm m /m/
ن nūn n /n/
ں nūn ǧunnā /◌̃/
و wā'o w, o, au, or ū /ʋ/, /oː/, /ɔ/ or /uː/
ہ čoṭī he h /h/
ھ do čašmī he _h /ʰ/
ء hamza ' /ʔ/
ى choti ye y, ī /j/ or /iː/
ے barī ye ai or e /ɛː/, or /eː/
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More reading

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  • Elena Bashir, (2001) Spatial Representation in Khowar. Proceedings of the 36th Annual Meeting of the Chicago Linguistic Society. Chicago: Chicago Linguistic Society.
  • Kendall D. Decker, (1992) Languages of Chitral ISBN 969-8023-15-1
  • Erik L’Homme, (1999) Parlons Khowar. Langue et culture de l’ancien royaume de Chitral au Pakistan. Paris: L’Harmattan
  • Georg Morgenstierne, (1936) Iranian Elements in Khowar. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, Vol. VIII, London.
  • Badshah munir Bukhari (2001) Khowar language. University publisher.Pakistan
  • Georg Morgenstierne, (1947) Some Features of Khowar Morphology. Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap, Vol. XIV, Oslo.
  • Georg Morgenstierne, (1957) Sanskritic Words in Khowar. Felicitation Volume Presented to S.K. Belvalkar. Benares. 84-98 [Reprinted in Morgenstierne (1973): Irano-Dardica, 267-72]
  • Mohammad Ismail Sloan (1981) Khowar-English Dictionary. Peshawar. ISBN 0-923891-15-3.

References

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