Methylphenidate

Methylphenidate (Its name is often shortened to MPH but is better known by the brand name of Ritalin or Concerta) is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant drug similar to amphetamine. MPH stimulates the central nervous system. It does this by increasing dopamine transmission in the brain.

Chemical structure of methylphenidate

Tablets of a drug containing methylphenidate

The drug is commonly used to treat attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) and narcolepsy, a condition where your brain can't control your ability to sleep or stay awake. It is sometimes used together with other drugs to treat depression. In most countries, its use needs to be prescribed by a doctor.

The most common side-effects of taking the drug are nervousness and sleeping problems. About one in ten patients see these problems. Other side-effects include changes of blood pressure, headache, and weight loss due to decreased appetite. Some cases of Tourette syndrome and psychosis have been reported, amongst others.

Sometimes, the drug has been prescribed to children without proper ADHD diagnosis to increase their academic performance. This use has been criticised by the media. Using methylphenidate in children may be problematic, because it has been linked with slower growth. The media often use the name Ritalin for all drugs containing methylphenidate, and even for other stimulants used to treat ADHD. Ritalin is one drug containing methylphenidate, which is often used in such cases.

This drug can also cause euphoria when it is abused for recreational purposes. Abusing Methylphenidate may lead to psychological addiction and to severe side effects- including, but not limited to: psychosis, cardiac arrest, and death.