Mikhail Kalinin
Mikhail Ivanovich Kalinin (Russian: Михаи́л Ива́нович Кали́нин, ru; 19 March 1875 – 3 June 1946)[1][2][3] was a Russian politician revolutionary who was the head of state of the Soviet Union. First as the Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets from 1919 to 1938, then as the first president of the Soviet Union from 1938 to 1946. He is the longest-serving head of state in the country, serving for 27 years.
Mikhail Kalinin | |
|---|---|
Михаил Калинин | |
_(cropped).jpg) Kalinin in 1920 | |
| 1st President of the Soviet Union | |
| In office 17 January 1938 – 19 March 1946 | |
| Premier |
|
| Vice President | Nikolai Shvernik |
| Preceded by | Office established; Himself (as Chairman of the Central Executive Cqommittee of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets) |
| Succeeded by | Nikolai Shvernik |
| Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets | |
| In office 30 March 1919 – 15 July 1938 | |
| Premier |
|
| Preceded by | Yakov Sverdlov Mikhail Vladimirsky (acting) |
| Succeeded by | Office abolished; Himself (as President) |
| Full member of the 15th, 16th, 17th, 18th Politburo | |
| In office 1 January 1926 – 3 June 1946 | |
| Member of the Orgburo | |
| In office 16 March 1921 – 2 June 1924 | |
| Candidate member of the 8th, 9th, 10th, 11th, 12th, 13th, 14th Politburo | |
| In office 25 March 1919 – 1 January 1926 | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Mikhail Ivanovich Kalinin 19 March 1875 Verkhnyaya Troitsa, Tver Governorate, Russian Empire |
| Died | 3 June 1946 (aged 71) Moscow, Soviet Union |
| Resting place | Kremlin Wall Necropolis, Moscow |
| Political party |
|
| Spouse(s) | Ekaterina Ivanovna Lorberg-Kalinina |
| Occupation | Politician, Civil servant |
| Signature |  |
Although Kalinin was the president, he did not hold any real power especially under Joseph Stalin, whom Kalinin had a very close relationship with. Kalinin was seen as a puppet of Stalin and that Stalin held the real power behind the scenes. In 1946, Kalinin retired from politics and died later that same year. The city of Tver was also known as Kalinin until 1990, when its historic name was restored, one year before the eventual fall of the Soviet Union.
References
change- ↑ Agentstvo pechati "Novosti" (1975). Socialism: Theory and Practice. Novosti Press Agency. p. 73. Retrieved 19 November 2018.
- ↑ Calendar: Thirty Years of the Soviet State, 1917–1947. Foreign Languages Publishing House. 1947. Retrieved 19 November 2018.
- ↑ Abdurakhman Avtorkhanov, Stalin and the Soviet Communist Party: A Study in the Technology of Power. New York: Frederick A. Praeger, 1959; p. 1.