Mosquitofish

Not to be confused with eastern mosquitofish or Heterandria formosa.

The mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis), also named the mosquito fish, western mosquitofish, western gambusia, or live-bearing tooth carp, is a fish in the Poeciliidae family. It is from the southern and midwestern United States and east coast of Mexico. Human beings brought it to many other places, for example Hawaii, Puerto Rico, and Australia. It has caused problems as an invasive species. Some scientists say that the western mosquitofish has had the largest effect on the environment of any fish in the family Poeciliidae.

Mosquitofish
Female
Male
Conservation status
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Actinopterygii
Order:	Cyprinodontiformes
Family:	Poeciliidae
Genus:	Gambusia
Species:	G. affinis
Binomial name
Gambusia affinis (S. F. Baird & Girard, 1853)
Synonyms
Heterandria affinis S.F Baird & Girard, 1853 Heterandria patruelis S.F. Baird & Girard, 1853 Gambusia patruelis (S.F. Baird & Girard, 1853) Zygonectes patruelis (S.F. Baird & Girard, 1853) Gambusia gracilis Girard, 1859 Zygonectes gracilis (Girard, 1859) Gambusia humilis Günther, 1866 Haplochilus melanops Cope, 1870 Zygonectes brachypterus Cope, 1880 Zygonectes inurus D.S. Jordan & Gilbert, 1882 Fundulus inurus (D.S. Jordan & Gilbert, 1882)

Size

The adult male western mosquitofish grows to 4 cm and the female to 7 cm. It has a round tail fin. It eats algae, insects, and other invertebrates. It can eat more than its own body weight every day. It can live in water that is twice as salty as seawater. It can live in water as hot as 43°C. The western mosquitofish usually has 60 eggs at a time, but it can have as many as 300 at a time. The eggs stay inside the female's body until they hatch.

Invasive species

In the early 20th century, human beings caught western mosquitofish and took them to other places. They did this because they thought the western mosquitofish would eat mosquitoes and their young. This did not work. Sometimes there were more mosquitoes than before: The western mosquitofish killed other fish that were eating mosquitoes. It did this by either eating the other fish, killing them without eating them, or eating so much of the food that the other fish died. The western mosquitofish sometimes killed fish that were better at killing mosquitoes than it was. It also ate some of the insects that had been eating the mosquitoes and mosquito young. It also ate zooplankton, which left more food for the mosquito young to eat themselves.

The western mosquitofish can kill larger fish by biting their fins and eating their eggs and babies. It kills and eats smaller fish. It kills frogs by eating their eggs and tadpoles. After people put western mosquitofish in a body of water, there may be an algal bloom because the western mosquitofish kills all the fish that usually eat algae. The western mosquitofish is one reason why many other species are endangered. Some of the important ones are the Gila topminnow (Poeciliopsis occidentalis), and the damselfly in Hawaii.

Name

The western mosquitofish G. affinis and eastern mosquitofish G. holbrooki used to both be called G. affinis because people thought they were the same species. They are not. According to the IUCN Global Invasive Species Database, most records in Australia that say "G. affinis" really mean G. holbrooki.