Nasutixalus
Nasutixalus is a group of frogs in the family Rhacophoridae.[2][4] These frogs live in northeastern India, southeastern Tibet,[2] and western Yunnan (China);[5] they might also live in Nepal[2] and Myanmar.[5] People call them ridged-nose treefrogs in English.[1]
| Nasutixalus | |
|---|---|
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| Nasutixalus jerdonii | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Amphibia |
| Order: | Anura |
| Family: | Rhacophoridae |
| Genus: | Nasutixalus Jiang, Yan, Wang, and Che, 2016[1] |
| Type species | |
| Nasutixalus medogensis Jiang, Yan, Wang, and Che, 2016
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| Synonyms[2] | |
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Etymology
changeThe name Nasutixalus is from the Latin words nasutus, for "large-nosed," and ixalus, which is a word for tree frogs.[1]
Taxonomy
changeScientists made the genus group Nasutixalus in 2016 because of the species Nasutixalus medogensis. The species was described based on just one individual frog. Scientists did DNA studies and found that this one frog was in the family Rhacophoridae but not in any of the genuses that were already known.[1] Sathyabhama Das Biju and team made a new genus for just one species, Frankixalus, for Polypedates jerdonii; named for Franky Bossuyt from the Free University of Brussels.[3] But because the other scientists published their paper two days before Das Biju's team, all the other scientists decided to use Nasutixalus. So Frankixalus is a synonym.[2][6]
A one frog that scientists called Theloderma moloch at first was genetically distinct from other Theloderma and made the genus paraphyletic.[7] Scientists studied Theloderma moloch more and caught more frogs. They found those frogs were more closely related to Nasutixalus jerdonii than to any other frogs in Theloderma[3] so they renamed it Nasutixalus medogensis.[1]
Species
changeThere are three species:[2][4]
- Nasutixalus jerdonii (Günther, 1876)
- Nasutixalus medogensis Jiang, Wang, Yan, and Che, 2016
- Nasutixalus yingjiangensis Yang and Chan, 2018
Description
changeNasutixalus are good at hiding and hard to see,[5] medium-sized frogs: adult males are 37–45 mm (1.5–1.8 in) long from nose to rear end and adult females are 47–48 mm (1.9–1.9 in) long.[3][5] There is some webbed skin on the front feet and more on the back feet.[1][3][5]
Habitat and reproduction
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Nasutixalus live in trees in evergreen forests on mountains.[5] Male Nasutixalus jerdonii and N. yingjiangensis call from tree holes.[3][5] People have seen eggs from N. jerdonii have been found in water-filled tree holes. The eggs stick to the inner walls of the holes just above the surface of the water. People also saw tadpoles in the water. The tadpoles had eggs in their stomachs, so scientists think they eat eggs. Phytotelm-breeding frogs often have tadpoles that eat eggs because there is not much food in holes in trees. Scientists don't know whether the tadpoles ate eggs from their same species or not, but they think so.[3]
References
change- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Jiang, Ke; Yan, Fang; Wang, Kai; Zou, Da-Hu; Li, Cheng & Che, Jing (2016-01-18). "A new genus and species of treefrog from Medog, southeastern Tibet, China (Anura, Rhacophoridae)". Zoological Research. 37 (1): 15–20. doi:10.13918/j.issn.2095-8137.2016.1.15. PMC 4834735. PMID 26828030.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Frost, Darrel R. (2018). "Nasutixalus Jiang, Yan, Wang, and Che, 2016". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 18 November 2018.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 Biju, S. D.; Senevirathne, Gayani; Garg, Sonali; Mahony, Stephen; Kamei, Rachunliu G.; Thomas, Ashish; Shouche, Yogesh; Raxworthy, Christopher J. & Meegaskumbura, Madhava (2016-01-20). "Frankixalus, a new rhacophorid genus of tree hole breeding frogs with oophagous tadpoles". PLOS ONE. 11 (1): e0145727. Bibcode:2016PLoSO..1145727B. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0145727. PMC 4720377. PMID 26790105.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Rhacophoridae". AmphibiaWeb. University of California, Berkeley. 2018. Retrieved 18 November 2018.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 Yang, Jian-Huan & Chan, Bosco Pui-Lok (2018). "A new phytotelm-breeding treefrog of the genus Nasutixalus (Rhacophoridae) from western Yunnan of China". Zootaxa. 4388 (2): 191–206. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4388.2.3. PMID 29690452.
- ↑ Sivongxay, N.; Davankham, M.; Phimmachak, S.; Phoumixay, K. & Stuart, B. L. (2016-08-05). "A new small-sized Theloderma (Anura: Rhacophoridae) from Laos". Zootaxa. 4147 (4): 433–442. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4147.4.5. PMID 27515627.
- ↑ Li, Jia-tang; Che, Jing; Murphy, Robert W.; Zhao, Hui; Zhao, Er-mi; Rao, Ding-qi & Zhang, Ya-ping (2009). "New insights to the molecular phylogenetics and generic assessment in the Rhacophoridae (Amphibia: Anura) based on five nuclear and three mitochondrial genes, with comments on the evolution of reproduction". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 53 (2): 509–522. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2009.06.023. PMID 19616637.