Petar I Petrović Njegoš
Petar I Petrović-Njegoš (1748–1830) was the Prince-Bishop of Montenegro from 1784 to 1830 and a key leader of the Serbian Orthodox Church in the region. He was the most popular leader from the Petrović family. During his long rule, Petar united the often-conflicting tribes, strengthened his control over Montenegro, and introduced the first laws in 1798.[1] His leadership laid the foundation for modern systems in Montenegro, including taxes, schools, and businesses. Petar was later canonized as Saint Peter of Cetinje by the Serbian Orthodox Church. He was described as tall, handsome, talented, and highly respected. [2]
Petar I Petrović-Njegoš | |
|---|---|
| Prince-Bishop of Montenegro | |
 | |
| Church | Eastern Orthodox Church |
| Installed | 1784 |
| Term ended | 1830 |
| Predecessor | Arsenije Plamenac |
| Successor | Petar II Petrović-Njegoš |
| Orders | |
| Ordination | 1784 by Mojsije Putnik |
Time as Prince-Bishop
changePetar I Petrović-Njegoš was made a bishop on October 13, 1784, by Mojsije Putnik. Afterward, he met important leaders like Russian chancellor Potemkin and Austrian general Zorić. [3] In 1785, he was forced to leave St. Petersburg, and Montenegro faced threats from Kara Mahmud Pasha, who attacked in 1785. [3] Despite heavy losses, the Montenegrins managed to hold their ground.
Petar I and Jovan Radonjić were the two main leaders in Montenegro,[4] but they often disagreed. Jovan wanted to rule alone and sought support from Austria, while Petar I favored Russia.[5] Their rivalry split Montenegro into two factions: "Russophiles" and "Austrians."
In 1796, Petar I led the Montenegrin army to victory over Kara Mahmud Pasha at the Battle of Martinići. [6] This victory expanded Montenegro’s territory, bringing more tribes into the state. [7] Petar also worked to end the long-standing feud between the Njeguši and Ceklin tribes in 1797, which helped unite Montenegro. [8]
In 1799, Russia guaranteed support for Montenegro, strengthening its position.[9] During the First Serbian Uprising (1800–1809), Petar I cooperated with Serbian leader Karađorđe and planned a revolt against the Ottomans with Russian help. In 1806, he helped drive back French forces, but political changes led to a shift in control of the Bay of Kotor.
By 1819, Petar I had led successful campaigns against Ottoman forces, and Montenegro gained recognition for its sovereignty. He succeeded in uniting several tribes into the Montenegrin state, which officially became known as "Black Mountain (Montenegro) and the Hills" by 1820. [10]
References
change- ↑ "Istorijat" (PDF). Parliament of Montenegro.
- ↑ Talvj (1850). Historical View of the Language and Literature of the Slavic Nations: With a Sketch of Their Popular Poetry. G.P. Putnam. pp. 120–.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Stamatović 1999.
- ↑ Stanojević & Vasić 1975, p. 460
Петровић и гувернадур Јован Радоњић, два прва црногорска главара, један по звању, а други по стварном положају. У почетку сложни, они се ускоро размимоилазе, јер сваки од супарника настоји да обезбиједи првенство у ...
- ↑ Brastvo. Vol. 32. Društvo sv. Save. 1941. p. 91.
- ↑ Novak 1949, p. 178
... под Мартинићима и 22 септембра исте године у Крусима, недалеко Под- горице, половином црногорске војске командовао владика Петар I, а другом половином гувернадур Јоко. Из овога се јасно види до које висине је доспела ...
- ↑ Ferdo Čulinović (1954). Državnopravna historija jugoslavenskih zemalja XIX i XX vijeka: knj. Srbija, Crna Gora, Makedonija, Jugoslavija, 1918-1945. Školska knjiga.
- ↑ Boehm, Christopher (1987). Blood Revenge: The Enactment and Management of Conflict in Montenegro and Other Tribal Societies. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 138. ISBN 081221241X. Retrieved 27 March 2020.
- ↑ Király & Rothenberg 1982, p. 65.
- ↑ Etnografski institut (Srpska akademija nauka i umetnosti) (1952). Posebna izdanja, Volumes 4-8. Naučno delo. p. 101.
Када, за владе Петра I, црногорсксу држави приступе Б^елопавлиЬи, па после и остала Брда, онда je, званично, „Црна Гора и Брда"