Plesiosaurus
Plesiosaurus was a large marine reptile from the Early to Late Jurassic period. It is one of the most famous plesiosaurs of all time.
| Plesiosaurus Temporal range: Early to Late Jurassic,
| |
|---|---|
| |
| An animated model of a male Plesiosaurus. | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Superorder: | †Sauropterygia |
| Order: | †Plesiosauria |
| Superfamily: | †Plesiosauroidea |
| Family: | †Plesiosauridae |
| Genus: | †Plesiosaurus Conybeare, 1821 |
| Species: | †P. dolichodeirus
|
| Binomial name | |
| Plesiosaurus dolichodeirus Conybeare, 1824
| |
The first specimen discovered by Mary Anning in 1820-21 was missing its skull. She found it on the Jurassic coast of Lyme Regis, Dorset, England. In 1823 she found another one, this time complete with its skull. The name Plesiosaurus was given by the Rev. William Conybeare.
Plesiosaurus was a predator, living mostly on fish and belemnites. It would swim through schools of fish and use its long neck and sharp teeth to snap them up.
Plesiosaurus was a fairly typical member of its order, and measured around 3 to 5 metres (10 to 16 ft) in total length. The snout was short, but the jaws were able to open very wide, and had a series of conical teeth in sockets. The neck was quite long, and the short tail was used for steering. Like all plesiosaurs, it used its large paddles to swim.
Only two species are known, and the genus existed for about 25 million years from the beginning of the Jurassic period.
Scientists have wondered whether ancient reptiles like pleisiosaurs were warm-blooded or cold-blooded. Scientists from the University of Plymouth studied many animals of different sizes from insects to whales that dive and hold their breath. They found that larger animals can hold their breath longer than smaller animals because they can store more oxygen. They also found this difference was much bigger for warm-blooded animals than for cold-blooded animals. They said this could be why whales became so large. They think since plesiosaurs were also large, like whales, they were more likely to be warm-blooded than cold-blooded.[1][2]
Scientists also looked at the phosphate molecules inside plesiosaurs' teeth and saw the oxygen isotopes that suggested they had been warm-blooded.[2]
References
change- ↑ University of Plymouth (May 26, 2020). "Scientists reveal new fundamental principles governing diving in animals" (Press release). Eurekalert.org. Archived from the original on June 4, 2020. Retrieved June 1, 2020.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Wilco C. E. P. Verberk; Piero Calosi; François Brischoux; John I. Spicer; Theodore Garland; David T. Bilton (May 27, 2020). "Universal metabolic constraints shape the evolutionary ecology of diving in animals". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 287 (1927). Proceedings of the Royal Society B. doi:10.1098/rspb.2020.0488. PMC 7287373. PMID 32453989.
