Polish Underground State
single political and military entity formed by the union of resistance organizations in occupied Poland
The Polish Underground State (Polish: Polskie Państwo Podziemne, also known as the Polish Secret State)[a] was a single political and military entity formed by the union of resistance organizations in occupied Poland. They were loyal to the Polish government-in-exile in London.
Polish Underground State Polskie Państwo Podziemne | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1939–1945[1][2] | |||||||||
 Emblem
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| Motto: "Honor i Ojczyzna" ("Honor and Homeland") | |||||||||
| Anthem: "Mazurek Dąbrowskiego" (English: "Poland Is Not Yet Lost") | |||||||||
| Status | Government in exile | ||||||||
| Common languages | Polish | ||||||||
| Government | Republic | ||||||||
| President of the Polish government-in-exile | |||||||||
• 1939–1945 | Władysław Raczkiewicz | ||||||||
| Prime Minister of the Polish government-in-exile | |||||||||
• 1939–1940 (first) | Władysław Sikorski | ||||||||
• 1944-1945 (last) | Tomasz Arciszewski | ||||||||
| Legislature |
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| Historical era | World War II | ||||||||
| 23 April 1935 | |||||||||
| 1 September 1939 | |||||||||
• Provisional Government of National Unity established | 28 June 1945[1][2] | ||||||||
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Further reading change
- Jan Karski (2001). Story of a Secret State. Simon Publications. ISBN 978-1-931541-39-8.
- Halik Kochanski (2012). The Eagle Unbowed: Poland and the Poles in the Second World War. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-06816-2.
- Stefan Korboński; Francis Bauer Czarnomski; Zofia Korbonski (2004). Fighting Warsaw: The Story of the Polish Underground State, 1939–1945. Hippocrene Books. ISBN 978-0-7818-1035-7.
- Richard C. Lukas (2012). The Forgotten Holocaust: The Poles Under German Occupation, 1939-1945. Hippocrene Books. ISBN 978-0-7818-1302-0.
- Richard C. Lukas (2004). Forgotten Survivors: Polish Christians Remember the Nazi Occupation. University Press of Kansas. ISBN 978-0-7818-0242-0.
- Jan Nowak (1982). Courier from Warsaw. Wayne State University Press. ISBN 978-0-8143-1725-9.
- Tadeusz Bór-Komorowski (2011). The Secret Army: The Memoirs of General Bór-Komorowski. Pen & Sword Books Limited. ISBN 978-1-84832-595-1.
References change
- ↑ Grzegorz Ostasz, The Polish Government-in-Exile's Home Delegature Archived 2008-04-10 at the Wayback Machine. Article on the pages of the London Branch of the Polish Home Army Ex-Servicemen Association. Retrieved 4 April 2011.
- ↑ Józef Garliński (April 1975). "The Polish Underground State 1939–1945". Journal of Contemporary History. 10 (2): 219–259. doi:10.1177/002200947501000202. JSTOR 260146. S2CID 159844616., p.253
Other websites change
- Warsaw Uprising and The Polish Underground State Archived 2021-03-15 at the Wayback Machine