Siemens C651

The Siemens C651, also known as Contract 651 or SIE C651, was the second generation Electric multiple unit rolling stock in operation on the North South and East West Lines of Singapore's Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) system. A total of 114 cars consisting of 19 train-sets were purchased in 1993 and introduced from 1994 onwards and were built by Siemens in Austria.

Siemens C651
A Siemens C651 train approaching Paya Lebar MRT station. Inside the centre motor car of an unrefurbished Siemens C651 train.
In service	2 May 1995 - 30 September 2024
Manufacturer	Siemens AG
Assembly	Vienna, Austria
Constructed	1993–1994
Refurbishment	Singapore Rail Engineering 2016–2018
Number built	114 Vehicles (19 Trainsets)
Formation	6 per trainset DT–M1–M2–M2–M1–DT
Fleet numbers	201/202 ~ 237/238
Capacity	1920 passengers 372/336 seats
Operator(s)	SMRT Trains (SMRT Corporation)
Depot(s)	Bishan Changi Tuas Ulu Pandan East Coast (Future)
Line(s) served	EWL  East West Line  NSL  North South Line
Specifications
Car body construction	Aluminium-alloy double-skinned construction
Car length	23 m (75 ft 5+1⁄2 in)
Width	3.2 m (10 ft 6 in)
Height	3.7 m (12 ft 1+5⁄8 in)
Doors	1,450 mm (57+1⁄16 in), 8 per car
Maximum speed	90 km/h (56 mph) (design) 80 km/h (50 mph) (service)
Weight	35 t (34 long tons; 39 short tons) (unladen) 53.8 t (53.0 long tons; 59.3 short tons) (laden)
Traction system	Current: GTO–VVVF PWM (Siemens) Replacement: IGBT–VVVF (Toshiba)
Traction motors	Current: Three-phase AC induction motor enclosed-ventilated lateral drive 140 kW (190 hp) (Siemens) Replacement: Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (Toshiba)
Power output	2.24 MW (3,000 hp)
Transmission	5.94 : 1 Gear Ratio
Acceleration	1.0 m/s (3.3 ft/s)
Auxiliaries	110 V DC
Electric system(s)	750 V DC third rail
Current collection method	Collector Shoe
UIC classification	2'2' + Bo'Bo' + Bo'Bo' + Bo'Bo' + Bo'Bo' + 2'2'
Braking system(s)	1st service brake: Self-excited, mixed service and resistor brake 2nd service brake: Pneumatic compressed air wheel tyre block brake Parking brake: Compressed air pressure spring-loaded brake
Safety system(s)	Current: Thales SelTrac® Moving Block Communications-based train control (CBTC) ATC with subsystems of ATO GOA 3 (DTO), ATP, NetTrac ATS, CBI Past: Westinghouse Brake and Signal Company Ltd fixed block ATC with subsystems of ATO GOA 2 (STO), ATP, ATS
Track gauge	1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in) standard gauge

Overview

The C651 trains are the second generation of train cars used on the SMRT network. the cost of the C651 was $259 million. They were bought mainly to allow the network to carry more passengers due to the opening of the Woodlands extension. The first train was delivered to SMRT on 20 September 1994. Unlike the first generation Kawasaki Heavy Industries C151 trains, the C651s are specially painted to reduce scratches due to dirt trapping on the outside of the C151 trains that were difficult to remove.

These train cars are fitted with greenish-blue Glastroch (Germany) windows glass, and are almost the same as the first generation train cars before their upgrades, except that a louder, lower-pitched noise can be heard when the train speeds up or slows down. The run number display on the front of each train is made up of electronic green flip-dot display, as opposed to the manual plastic rollers of the C151 trains, while the rubber strips between the doors are thicker. The trains have a full white body and a thick red stripe in the middle. Similar to the C151 trains, the Siemens C651 trains had no visual passenger information systems, but only a built-in audio announcement system, until STARiS was installed and activated around 2010. The last 2 C651 sets in service (201/202 and 207/208) were grounded at Tuas West Depot for decommissioning.

Service details

Many experiments have been run on the C651 cars, including the past program.

For the past program, the third and fourth cars, coloured in green, had their seating layout changed, with all but eight parts of seats, four at each ends of the car removed completely. In its place was standing room with a cushion on the side, so that passengers standing at the side would feel more comfortable. Passengers did not like this, and it was eventually undone. The original seats between the 1st and 2nd door, and the 3rd and 4th door on these cars have been replaced. The remaining cushion standing areas were changed back to original seats in May 2006. All C151 trains had their seats on the middle part of carriage removed.

For now, some of the trains were changed to have more standing space in the late 1990s as part of another experiment, where the second and fifth cars (the blue cars) were changed to have more standing room on both sides.

More grabpoles were also added. Single grabpoles in the centre of each car were replaced by grabpoles that branch out into three in the centre first in 2007, followed by tripled hand grips and grab poles in 2014. Special non slip floorings were also tested.

• 
  The interior of a Siemens C651 car. Modified grab poles, part of an experimental program, can be seen.
• 
  Wall cushions, part of an experimental program. They have since been replaced by original seats.
• 
  Modified flooring of some cars of C651 Set 237/238. Possibly a test of the floor after upgrading.

Refurbishment

Upgrades for these trains were to be done by Singapore Rail Engineering (SRE). When completed, these upgrades would have fixed train parts such as doors and brakes and made them cause less delays. Many changes would have been made, such as upgrading the air-conditioning system, the power system, and upgrading the look of the trains. Sensors would have also been installed to allow workers to fix problems more regularly.

Upgrading works had begun since early 2016, beginning with train set 217/218. Trains would have also include STARiS 2.0, a system showing information about the train's route. The first upgraded train set was expected to be tested before starting to run in the second half of 2018. In late August 2016, 2 model train cars had been built by SRE, showing that the project was unaffected by the pausing of the end-of-life upgrades for the 66 C151 train sets. As of the second half of 2018, sets 217/218 and 227/228 have been upgraded and are being tested. It would have also be the third and final rolling stock to be painted in SMRT's style. Newer rolling stock starting from the C151C trains were painted in LTA's style.

The upgrading of C651 trains was suddenly stopped by SMRT on 16 September 2018, and by that time only three trains were known to have been upgraded without being tested completely. All three upgraded trains were removed from service and scrapped by May 2021.

Train Formation

Exterior view of the C651 cars at Tanah Merah before HHPSDs installations.

Cars of C651
car type	Driver Cab	Motor	Collector Shoe	car length		Wheelchair Space
				mm	ft in
DT	✓	✗	✓	23,650	77 ft 7 in
M1	✗	✓	✓	22,800	74 ft 10 in
M2	✗	✓	✓	22,800	74 ft 10 in

The car numbers of the trains go from x201 to x238, where x depends on the carriage type. Each car is assigned a 4 digit serial number. A complete six-car trainset consists of an identical twin set of one driving trailer(DT) and two motor cars(M1 & M2) permanently coupled together. For example, set 221/222 consists of carriages 3221, 1221, 2221, 2222, 1222 and 3222.

• The first digit identifies the car number, where the first car has a 3, the second has a 1 & the third has a 2.
• The second digit is always a 2, part of the identification numbers
• The third digit and fourth digit are the train identification numbers. A full length train of 6 cars have 2 different identification numbers. For example 215/216 (normal coupling) or 216/226 (cross coupling).
  • Siemens built sets 201–238.