Stanisław August Poniatowski
Stanisław II August ( 17 January 1732 – 12 February 1798), known also by his regnal Latin name Stanislaus II Augustus, and as Stanisław August Poniatowski, was King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1764 to 1795, and the last monarch of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
| Stanisław II August | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Stanisław August in coronation robes, 1764 | |||||
| King of Poland Grand Duke of Lithuania | |||||
| Reign | 7 September 1764 – 25 November 1795 | ||||
| Coronation | 25 November 1764 St. John's Archcathedral, Warsaw | ||||
| Predecessor | Augustus III | ||||
| Successor | monarchy suppressed (Partitions of Poland)[1] | ||||
| Born | 17 January 1732 Wołczyn, Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | ||||
| Died | 12 February 1798 (aged 66) Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire | ||||
| Burial | |||||
| Issue Details... | illegitimate | ||||
| |||||
| House | Poniatowski | ||||
| Father | Stanisław Poniatowski | ||||
| Mother | Konstancja Czartoryska | ||||
| Religion | Roman Catholicism | ||||
| Signature |  | ||||
The defining crisis of his early reign was the War of the Bar Confederation (1768–1772) that led to the First Partition of Poland (1772). The later part of his reign saw reforms wrought by the Diet (1788–1792) and the Constitution of 3 May 1791. These reforms were overthrown by the 1792 Targowica Confederation and by the Polish–Russian War of 1792, leading directly to the Second Partition of Poland (1793), the Kościuszko Uprising (1794) and the final and Third Partition of Poland (1795), marking the end of the Commonwealth. Stripped of all meaningful power, Poniatowski abdicated in November 1795 and spent the last years of his life as a captive in Saint Petersburg's Marble Palace.
Poniatowski never married. In his youth, he had loved his cousin Elżbieta Czartoryska, but her father August Aleksander Czartoryski disapproved because he did not think him influential or rich enough. When this was no longer an issue, she was already married. His pacta conventa specified that he should marry a Polish noblewoman, although he himself always hoped to marry into some royal family.
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